Asymmetric

Simulation of a force free rotating asymmetric body

That is a chiral center, or chiral carbon, or chiral atom, or asymmetric carbon.

It is an asymmetric struggle, and the way to wage it is, therefore, different.

Discrimination and asymmetric possession of WMDs will not ensure non proliferation or regional or global stability.

And these cells can either be identical, or they can be distinct from each other through asymmetric cell division.

The Internet is ideally suited to Al Qaida's asymmetric approach, allowing a small number of individuals to reach a global audience.

However, in the case of Kashmir, the asymmetric conflict currently fought by proxies and terrorist groups might not degenerate into all out war precisely because India and Pakistan have mutual nuclear deterrence.Indeed, such asymmetric conflicts through proxies have become the new conventional way that states avoid the price of a general war.

Have they suddenly remembered the unsustainable cost of fighting asymmetric conflicts? Afghanistan has never been a place any foreign army could stay for long.

But now we have a new situation, really what people call an asymmetric situation, where technology is so powerful that it extends beyond a nation state.

The asymmetric distribution of benefits and risks arising from globalization needed to be redressed, and joint action by all States Members of the United Nations was needed.

The EU budget should facilitate such transfers in the eurozone, using structural funds. Tax transfers should also act as an automatic stabilizer in the case of asymmetric shocks.

Even though the orbit is perturbed by the lunisolar gravitational influence, the solar radiation and the asymmetric geopotential, there is no relevant secular change of the orbital parameters.

For example, we now have many models of markets with imperfect competition or asymmetric information. These models have not made their predecessors, based on perfect competition, obsolete or irrelevant.

However, in the case of Kashmir, the asymmetric conflict currently fought by proxies and terrorist groups might not degenerate into all out war precisely because India and Pakistan have mutual nuclear deterrence.

The asymmetric flows of technology can be affected by increasing attention to the institutional basis for determining the direction and pace of technological development through linkages with supply chains and production networks.

And you know, and the troubling thing is that it's much easier to do something bad than to defend against all possible bad things, so the offensive uses really have an asymmetric advantage.

The Economic and Social Council should be a privileged, deliberative forum in our quest for reconciliation between the objectives of sustainable economic growth and the reduction of the inequalities caused by asymmetric globalization.

Most notably, eurozone countries have faced powerful asymmetric shocks, to which their lack of independent monetary policy instruments made it virtually impossible to respond. As a result, they have struggled with recurring economic crisis.

It was agreed that, while the notion of digital signature should be restricted in scope to cover only asymmetric cryptography, other definitions might be needed to cover other techniques that might be broadly referred to under the notion of electronic signatures .

Moreover, securitization contributed to bad lending in the old days, banks that originated bad loans bore the consequences in the new world of securitization, the originators could pass the loans onto others. (As economists would say, problems of asymmetric information have increased.)

One possible explanation is that biases in the patterns of liberalization prejudiced growth prospects by discriminating against sectors where developing countries could build comparative advantage, even as they unleashed asymmetric market forces on the weaker participants in the trading system (UNCTAD, 1999 ILO, 2004).

And I would say that we can't give up the rule of law to fight an asymmetric threat, which is what we seem to be doing because of the present, the people that are in power, because that's to give up the thing that makes civilization.

But this overlooked a crucial feature of monetary unions free capital mobility and elimination of currency risk indispensable attributes of a currency area could be (and were) the source of asymmetric shocks. Currency unions, in other words, must worry about endogenous as much as exogenous shocks.

Thus, for example, the conventional war in Kosovo lasted for two months, only to usher in a six year asymmetric conflict. Likewise, America s three week shock and awe campaign in Iraq in 2003 ended in victory, but opened the gates of hell for occupiers and ordinary Iraqis alike.

But the objectives of the use of force need to be linked to the recognition that in today s asymmetric conflicts, victory is no longer achieved on the battlefield. Only better informed foreign policies that can address the genuine anxieties of civilizations in crisis will yield more sustainable results.

24. The asymmetric distribution of benefits and risks arising from globalization warranted the conclusion of a new contract between developing and developed countries, based on genuine solidarity and shared responsibility, with a view to creating a level playing field where all countries could take full advantage of the process.

Moreover, Russia is trying to build a relationship of asymmetric interdependence with the EU. While EU leaders believe that peace and stability is built through interdependence, Russia s leaders are intent on creating a situation in which the EU needs Russia more than Russia needs the EU, particularly in the energy sector.

The traumatic experience of the Lebanon war in 2006 has made Israel s leadership wary of yet another asymmetric war where a clear cut victory can never be claimed, and where the arithmetic of blood is always bound to turn the casualties of the superior force, Israel, into a domestic crisis.

Everywhere there is talk of a military option, which means air strikes. But, while advocates speak of a limited surgical operation, what they are really talking about is the start of two wars an aerial war, led by the US and Israel, and an asymmetric war, led by Iran and its allies.

To see why, note that being long and selling short in the stock market has an asymmetric risk reward profile. Losing on a long position reduces one s risk exposure, while losing on a short position increases it, so one can be more patient being long and wrong than being short and wrong.

But these old powers have neither the legitimacy nor the power to sustain the global order into the future, while the new rising powers have yet to demonstrate which values they will articulate and promote. They have to develop their vision of a new global economy, beyond complaints about its asymmetric power structure.

They are facing the argument that the United States monetary union works much better because there is a large federal budget to smooth the impact of asymmetric shocks that is, shocks to individual states. The eurozone, it is claimed, should have its own budget to provide similarly automatic insurance to its members.

In fact, the obligation of states to abide by humanitarian rules of conduct while their enemies are free to barbarize warfare is what makes asymmetric wars especially insoluble. Moreover, in an era of global media and international war crimes courts, the criteria for states use of military force have become more complex than ever.

With the US also economically weakened and facing a presidential election, America s leadership ability would be seriously constricted. And could a weakened Europe cope with an oil shock at all? A regional and global security shock caused by asymmetric warfare could add still further to the world economy s troubles, causing exports to slump even more.

Strong financial market supervision will also be needed to contain risks stemming from credit booms, asset bubbles, and financial market volatility. On the structural front, measures to enhance wage and price flexibility would improve resiliency to asymmetric shocks and would help the new countries' cyclical fluctuations become more attuned to the rest of the EU.

If economic structures were dissimilar, then the second criterion became critical Were arrangements in place to adjust to asymmetric shocks? The two key arrangements that most economists emphasized were fiscal transfers, which could cushion shocks in badly affected regions, and labor mobility, which would allow workers from such regions to move to less affected ones.

These capital flows created a boom and a loss of long term competitiveness in some regions, which was followed by an all too predictable bust. To the extent that monetary and fiscal arrangements fail to reduce or eliminate moral hazard, the risk that capital flows create these endogenous asymmetric shocks will remain commensurately high.

With the US also economically weakened and facing a presidential election, America s leadership ability would be seriously constricted. And could a weakened Europe cope with an oil shock at all? nbsp A regional and global security shock caused by asymmetric warfare could add still further to the world economy s troubles, causing exports to slump even more.

From Turkey s perspective, the nuclear deal, if successfully implemented and made permanent after six months, is set to eliminate a major security concern. Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan s government does not want to be faced with a nuclear Iran, fearing the emergence of an asymmetric power relationship with the Islamic Republic after centuries of balanced ties.

Rising income inequality, by redistributing income from those who spend more to those who save more, has exacerbated the demand shortfall. So has the asymmetric adjustment between over saving creditor economies that face no market pressure to spend more, and over spending debtor economies that do face market pressure and have been forced to save more.

The revamped growth compact would more effectively allocate European resources and increase the flexibility of permanent transfers from rich to poor countries provided that the money is used for productive investment. Van Rompuy s budget would also help to stabilize the eurozone in the event that asymmetric shocks require temporary transfers from unaffected to crisis stricken countries.

But getting to 2030 without a major confrontation will be a major achievement. While the US is likely to maintain the upper hand in terms of military power for at least another 15 20 years, asymmetric warfare could undercut America s advantage should China engage in cyber attacks on US electronic and satellite systems, along with attacks on infrastructure.

Indeed, the academic literature was chock full of models of financial bubbles, asymmetric information, incentive distortions, self fulfilling crises, and systemic risk. But, in the years leading up to the crisis, many economists downplayed these models lessons in favor of models of efficient and self correcting markets, which, in policy terms, resulted in inadequate governmental oversight over financial markets.

Because the euro zone is not an optimal currency area, it needs tools to deal with so called asymmetric shocks shocks that affect some members more than others. But it lacks those tools, especially a Treasury with powers to tax and borrow, and a central bank that can act as lender of last resort to its member banks.