And that is how stethoscope and auscultation was born.

But the arrival of auscultation and percussion represented a sea change, a moment when physicians were beginning to look inside the body.

The technical discussions, guided by three background reports and facilitated by 12 written communications, took place during three working sessions devoted, respectively, to geophysical monitoring (non destructive), mechanical monitoring boreholes (auscultation drilling) and field analysis at each stage, focusing in particular on geological conditions similar to those of the tunnel under the Strait of Gibraltar.