The new rates are effective from the school year in progress on 1 January 2005. The currency areas where increases were approved are as follows Austria (euro), Belgium (euro), Denmark (krone), France (euro), Germany (euro), Ireland (euro), Italy (euro), Japan (yen), Netherlands (euro), Spain (euro), Sweden (krona), Switzerland (Swiss franc), United Kingdom (pound sterling), United States dollar in the United States and the United States dollar outside the United States.

The Euro in a Shrinking Zone

Euro area

Similarly, the Euro VIX, a popular measure of expectations of euro volatility, has fallen significantly. The cost of buying protection against fluctuations in the euro dollar exchange rate declined last month to its lowest level in nearly five years.

A Euro Sabbatical

The Euro Ark

The Naked Euro

What Euro Crisis?

Welcoming the efforts deployed by the Euro Mediterranean countries to strengthen their cooperation in combating terrorism, in particular by the adoption of the Euro Mediterranean Code of Conduct on Countering Terrorism by the Euro Mediterranean Summit, held in Barcelona, Spain, on 27 and 28 November 2005,

The IMF s Euro Crisis

David Cameron s Euro Nemesis

Building on the Euro

Farewell to the Euro?

Germany versus the Euro

Emerging Markets Euro Nemesis

Making the Euro Whole

Slamming the Euro Door

The Euro Grows Up

The euro was expected to acquire an international role, eventually improving Europe s resilience in the face of economic shocks. There has been a surge in euro denominated international bonds, but the liquidity of foreign exchange markets is no higher for the euro compared to the national currencies it replaced, and the euro remains a long way from challenging the supremacy of the dollar.

But the euro makes economic sense only for a subset of its current members, not for countries such as Greece in its current situation. Some economists have proposed a two track euro, with problem countries using a euro B that floats against the euro A until they abide by the economic and financial rules and earn re entry.

Currency 1 euro approximately US 1.30 (indicative rate in March 2005)

B. Introduction of the euro

A Centerless Euro Cannot Hold

Moving on From the Euro

Can the Euro Be Repaired?

Germany Must Defend the Euro

Should Germany Exit the Euro?

Euro Lessons for East Asia

Striking Euro Gold (and Silver)

The Euro American Debt Dilemma

The Euro Awaits Its Verdict

The Poetry of the Euro

The Euro on the Mend

What Can Save the Euro?

The euro s recent rise against the dollar is a case in point by most accounts, euro bulls have been reacting to the enormous US current account deficit, a surging euro zone economy, and rising euro interest rates. What is irrational about factoring in such fundamentals when trading a currency?

A Gravity Test for the Euro

The Perilous Politics of the Euro

Don t Lend to Your Euro Friends

Stage Three for the Euro Crisis?

Why Greece Declined a Euro Holiday

How to Resolve the Euro Crisis

An Optimistic Case for the Euro

The Global Roots of Euro Jitters

The Non Crisis of the Euro

Will the Euro Dethrone the Dollar?