(a) Respiratory irritant effects (characterized by localized redness, edema, pruritis and or pain) that impair function with symptoms such as cough, pain, choking, and breathing difficulties are included.

For example, animal studies may provide useful information in terms of clinical signs of toxicity (dyspnoea, rhinitis etc) and histopathology (e.g. hyperemia, edema, minimal inflammation, thickened mucous layer) which are reversible and may be reflective of the characteristic clinical symptoms described above. Such animal studies can be used as part of weight of evidence evaluation