The successful combination of the general national framework and entrepreneurial framework conditions should lead to offshoot businesses that will in turn lead to innovation and competition in the marketplace and, in the end, help to generate economic growth.

Elections without liberty do not constitute genuine democracy, and here Egypt faces a serious challenge its best organized group, the Muslim Brotherhood, rejects religious liberty and individual rights, especially the rights of women. The Brotherhood s offshoot, the Palestinian movement Hamas, has established in the Gaza Strip a brutal, intolerant dictatorship.

An important and controversial offshoot of the agenda is the action plan against migrant smuggling, which may include the use of military force to stop the smugglers boats. Critics have questioned the plan s legality, the risk of collateral damage, and, most important, the effectiveness of armed intervention in stemming human trafficking operations.

The Islamic State, an offshoot of Al Qaeda, probably will not succeed in creating a viable, cross border entity, but its brutal effort and Islamist ideology certainly suggest that the old borders, and the states delineated by them, are on their way out. Indeed, the group s recent incursions into Lebanon may also undermine the fragile inter communal balance there.

Abu Musab al Zaraqawi s Al Qaeda offshoot in Iraq demonstrates this well the group was called Al Qaeda in Mesopotamia for recruitment and propaganda purposes, but it was quite autonomous organizationally and operationally. When Bin Laden s close collaborator Ayman al Zawahiri asked al Zaraqawi to avoid targeting Shiites, al Zaraqawi instead escalated the violence against them.

Consider Strike Debt, an offshoot of the Occupy movement, which calls itself a nationwide movement of debt resisters fighting for economic justice and democratic freedom. Its Web site argues that w ith stagnant wages, systemic unemployment, and public service cuts people are being forced into debt in order to obtain the most basic necessities of life, leading them to surrender their futures to the banks.