1. Public tendering

Two stage tendering, like an auction, involves successive tendering phases, but the Model Law does not give any guidance on how article 33 applies to two stage tendering.

Consequently, as tendering is the general procurement method for goods and construction, the provisions enable an electronic reverse auction procedure that follows the pattern of the standard tendering method, adapted to provide for an electronic reverse auction.

Detailed design and tender documents for a main gravity interceptor were revised, and tendering was planned for September 1998.

(Those provisions are incorporated by cross reference to chapter III of the Model Law in articles 46 (1) (two stage tendering) and 47 (3) (restricted tendering), and similar provisions are implied in article 48 (6) (request for proposals).

The main arguments for an optional phase approach are (a) flexibility an ERA can be used within more than one procurement method (e.g., open tendering, restricted tendering and two stage tendering) and (b) special regulations have to be drafted only for those aspects of ERA proceedings that are different from normal rules and procedures, as the general aspects of procurement methodology will continue to apply.

(4) Paragraphs 4 (a) and (b) allow for either open tendering principles to be adopted (that is, all qualified suppliers can participate), or limited tendering, such that only those bidders that have the best ranked bids are invited to participate.

(b) The establishment, in advance, of conditions for participation, including selection and award criteria and tendering rules, and their publication

The tendering process for development of the software by an outside vendor is expected to be completed by October 2005.

(b) Make bidding and tendering processes more transparent and subject to public scrutiny.

As to its location, the Working Group may consider that the draft article should be presented as part of chapter II ( Methods of procurement and their conditions for use ) and, as a form of tendering, after the current article 19 ( Conditions for use of two stage tendering, requests for proposals or competitive negotiation ).

The Working Group may also wish to make an equivalent provision in two stage tendering.

Public tendering is the most common method for public procurement of goods and, in some cases, also services to be paid with public funds.

As electronic reverse auctions may also be appropriate in the circumstances in which the Model Law allows use of restricted tendering under article 20 (in cases in which the time and costs of a tendering procedure would be disproportionate, or in cases of a limited number of suppliers because of highly complex or specialized goods), the materials also include an option to provide for an equivalent to a restricted tendering procedure (see, further, para. 24 below).

In tendering procedures, articles 33 (2) and (3) also provide for the opening of tenders in the presence of participants, and the provision of information to suppliers on the identity and price of other tenders, to enable suppliers to monitor the application of the rules, but only once the tendering phase is complete.

(f) Article 30 (2) (requiring entities to extend the tendering deadline when it makes changes to its requirements)

Developing countries are hesitant to open up their markets for GP to international tendering because they fear that foreign suppliers will crowd out local firms and the latter will at the same time be unable to gain access to foreign GP markets because of lack of competitiveness and the complexity of the tendering process.

The Working Group may wish to consider whether open tendering should be required, whether limiting the number of participants in the auction should always be permissible, or whether the procuring entity should be entitled to adopt either approach, for example, taking into consideration the conditions for use of restricted tendering set out in article 20 of the text of the current Model Law.

Work on the construction phase was due to start soon after 30 June 1997, once tendering procedures were completed.

The Administration has given assurance that open tendering on the Web site and advertisements in newspapers will be addressed.

Courses covered such topics as marketing, business communication, financial management, tax planning, feasibility studies, bidding and tendering, and construction planning.

(c) The new Procurement Manual provided guidelines on methods of invitation to bid, but they did not cover open tendering

Some analysts noted clear advantages of auctions with respect to transparency of the contract award process over the traditional tendering procedure.

The most common procedure was the tendering method (adjudication), in which the contract was awarded to the tenderer offering the lowest price.

It noted that the new Manual updated the procurement guidelines, however, it required improvement in some areas, as discussed below. Open tendering

The programme includes modelling of electronic procurement phases such as electronic tendering, electronic awarding of contracts, electronic ordering, electronic invoicing and electronic catalogues.

An additional 148 shelters for 165 families were in the process of being rebuilt or at the tendering stage at the end of the reporting period, and some 272 were being repaired.

(f) Include guidelines for open tendering in the Procurement Manual and specify in the Manual the frequency at which the Supplier Review Committee should review the evaluation of potential suppliers (para. 104)

The conduct of the auction itself would under the draft text below be governed by the principles and objectives of the rules governing tendering.

insert guidance regarding ranking of initial tenders see paragraph 23 above and guidance on use of open and restricted tendering see paragraph 24 above .

(d) bis Whether the tendering proceedings shall be conducted by way of an electronic reverse auction pursuant to article 47 bis and ter a

(c) Guidelines for open tendering should be included in the Procurement Manual, and the Manual should specify the frequency at which the Supplier Review Committee should review the evaluation of the potential suppliers

By the time the project agreement is signed, the project sponsors will normally have spent considerable time and invested significant sums in the project (e.g. preparation of feasibility studies, engineering design and other technical documents preparation of tendering documents and participation in the tendering proceedings preparation and negotiations of the contract documents and loan agreements hiring consultants and advisers).

The demonstrated benefits include a reduction in the cost of tendering and improved efficiency by eliminating individual tenders by agencies, thereby avoiding duplication of work.

The project for a new school building at El Mezzeh to replace unsatisfactory rented premises continued to experience delays, with tendering for construction postponed pending issuance of a building permit, although the site had been obtained the previous year.

The investigation was initiated in 1997 and concluded that the offending companies agreed to distribute customers amongst themselves while also participating in collusive tendering (bid rigging).

(1) Except as otherwise provided by this chapter, a procuring entity engaging in procurement of goods or construction shall do so by means of tendering proceedings.

The Board recommends that guidelines for open tendering should be included in the Procurement Manual and that the Manual should specify the frequency at which the Supplier Review Committee should review the evaluation of potential suppliers.

8. The plans of the Ministry of Housing and Construction for 1998 include tendering land for the first 1,000 units to be built in the settlement of Har Homa, as well as 820 units in the greater Jerusalem settlement of Givat Ze ev.

Secondly, they can enhance the efficient allocation of resources (reducing the time required to conduct a procurement, and reducing the administrative costs of the traditional open tendering procedure).

(n) bis Where the tendering proceedings are to be conducted by way of an electronic reverse auction pursuant to article 47 bis, a statement to such effect, and

In response to the OIOS audit, the United Nations Office at Geneva is including, effective 15 August 2005, the standard United Nations clause for liquidated damages in all tendering documents and resulting contracts related to construction, engineering and or architectural services.

Measures used to influence technology deployment include tax breaks, direct subsidies, and guaranteed markets either requirements for utilities to obtain a quota of renewable or CHP resources through competitive tendering, or public institution targets to obtain green power (e.g., CAN).

The Board recommended that guidelines for open tendering be included in the Procurement Manual, which should also specify the frequency at which the Supplier Review Committee should review the evaluation of potential suppliers (A 53 5, chap. II, paras. 99 104).

Although this means that ERAs can be used in open tendering proceedings, it has been observed that, in practice, the restricted procedure will normally be used when an ERA is involved.