And we have testosterone.

Here's what we find on testosterone.

There's lots of hormones. There's testosterone, adrenalin.

Get your testosterone up. Get your cortisol down.

Normally the testes should make testosterone, the male hormone.

So we, in experiments, have administered testosterone to men.

But we're doing it with a lot less testosterone.

And men have 10 times the testosterone as women, so men do this more than women we have testosterone that makes us want to punish people who behave immorally.

So what we find is that high power alpha males in primate hierarchies have high testosterone and low cortisol, and powerful and effective leaders also have high testosterone and low cortisol.

There's another way oxytocin is inhibited, which is interesting through the action of testosterone.

Well let it suffice to say that we felt a bit overwhelmed with testosterone.

So do you want the high power leader that's dominant, high on testosterone, but really stress reactive?

And I have concocted a questionnaire to see to what degree you express dopamine, serotonin, estrogen and testosterone.

But interestingly, high testosterone males are also more likely to use their own money to punish others for being selfish.

But what atrazine does is it turns on an enzyme, the machinery if you will, aromatase, that converts testosterone into estrogen.

Physiologically, there also are differences on two key hormones testosterone, which is the dominance hormone, and cortisol, which is the stress hormone.

So what does that mean? When you think about power, people tended to think only about testosterone, because that was about dominance.

And as a result, these exposed males lose their testosterone, they're chemically castrated, and they're subsequently feminized because now they're making the female hormone.

And at that time we did this extraordinary V Day at Madison Square Garden where we sold out the entire testosterone filled dome, 18,000 people standing up to say yes to vaginas, which was really a pretty incredible transformation.

So we know that in primate hierarchies, if an alpha needs to take over, if an individual needs to take over an alpha role sort of suddenly, within a few days, that individual's testosterone has gone up significantly and his cortisol has dropped significantly.

Body language affects how others see us, but it may also change how we see ourselves. Social psychologist Amy Cuddy shows how power posing standing in a posture of confidence, even when we don t feel confident can affect testosterone and cortisol levels in the brain, and might even have an impact on our chances for success.

The truth is that none of the nuclear armed states, inside or outside the NPT, pays anything more than lip service to the ultimate elimination of nuclear weapons. The continued seductive power of the Cold War logic and language of nuclear deterrence is the primary reason, though for some states it is clear that the testosterone factor perceived status and prestige also plays a role.