The Dollar and the Dragon

China The Government of China invests 100 billion annually that translates into 10 million housing units.

If inward FDI stock data from recipient countries are used, the largest sources of South South FDI were Hong Kong (China) ( 223 billion), the British Virgin Islands ( 111 billion), China (81 billion), Singapore ( 54 billion) and Taiwan Province of China ( 49 billion).

The donors were China, 3.15 million Ireland, 64,000 the Republic of Korea, 600,000 and the Ford Foundation, 100,000.

Of the more than 2.1 billion that was outstanding at 7 October 2005, 607 million was owed by the United States of America, 576 million by Japan, 147 million by Ukraine, 109 million by France, 89 million by the Republic of Korea, 69 million by China and 56 million by Spain.

America absorbs Chinese imports, pays China in dollars, and China holds dollars, amassing 2.5 trillion in foreign exchange reserves, much of it held in US Treasury securities. To some observers, this represents a fundamental shift in the global balance of power, because China could bring the US to its knees by threatening to sell its dollars.

China and four newly industrialized East Asian economies are among the largest developing country traders, exporting services worth 46 billion and 156 billion, respectively, while exports from South and Central America stood at 70 billion, and those from Africa at 49 billion.

China s 3.2 Trillion Headache

Total HIV AIDS funds available for the AIDS response in developing countries grew from an estimated 300 million in 1996 to 6.1 billion in 2004, a figure which includes domestic funding by developing countries of 2 billion.

According to the IMF, China s GDP will be 17.6 trillion in 2014, outstripping US output of 17.4 trillion. Of course, because China s population is more than four times larger, its per capita GDP, at 12,900, is still less than a quarter of the 54,700 recorded in the US, which highlights America s much higher living standards.

Norway led the donor countries, contributing 538 per million dollars of GNP for population assistance.

Almost 400 million of that amount was owed to developing countries.

The report indicates that the total volume of procurement by United Nations organizations amounted to 2,895 million, with 1,197 million, or 41 per cent from developing countries.

Lower middle income GNI per capita between 736 and 2,935.

In 1990, exports from China to the United States 15 billion dollars.

Upper middle income GNI per capita between 2,936 and 9,075.

Of the apportioned amount of 253,600, total expenditures of 180,700 were incurred for INTELSAT charges ( 100,600), telephone, long distance ( 48,300), telephone, local ( 6,000), pouches DHL ( 25,200) and postage ( 600).

It also has more than 7,500 enterprises operating in China, with gross investment totaling 18.5 billion. Moreover, Germany has sold 15 billion worth of technology to China, and bilateral trade hit a high of 169 billion in 2011, accounting for 30 of total China EU trade.

In 2003, donor countries contributed, on average, 112 per million dollars of gross national product (GNP) for population assistance, up from 86 per million dollars in 2002.

China held 610 billion in reserves and India, 125 billion.5 Members of ASEAN, the Republic of Korea and Taiwan Province of China also hold very sizeable reserves.

As indicated in that report, of the total volume of procurement by United Nations organizations during 1997, which amounted to 2,895 million, 1,197 million, or 41 per cent, was from developing countries.

Seven other countries were recipients of over 20 million in agency expenditures India ( 61.7 million), Nigeria ( 49.2 million), Afghanistan ( 34.6 million), Pakistan ( 33.7 million), Sudan ( 30.7 million), China ( 26.4 million), and Mexico ( 20.0 million).

According to the statistics made by China, the bilateral trade volume between China and the ASEAN in 2015 reached 472.2 billion US dollars and the accumulated two way investment amount reached 156.5 billion US dollars.

There has been some 200 million of foreign investment in Poland over the past six years, and projects of cooperation with developing countries valued at some 22 million.

The U.S. government subsidizes 14 million of the annual 18 million payment.

The total recommended award for Thailand in the first instalment should be amended accordingly from US 1,512,500.00 This amount includes claims moved forward by the Governing Council from the fourth instalment to the first instalment for purposes of payment.

In addition, parallel funding has been received from the Canadian International Development Agency ( 320,000), the Government of Cameroon ( 170,000), the International Development Research Centre ( 400,000), the International Telecommunication Union ( 1.2 million), the Japan International Cooperation Agency ( 1.11 million) and the Rockefeller Foundation ( 157,000).

The cost to the United Nations would be 655,714 (27 per cent), of which 452,443 (69 per cent) would be charged to the United Nations regular budget.

As a result, total HIV AIDS funds available for the AIDS response in developing countries grew from an estimated 300 million in 1996 to 6.1 billion in 2004, a figure which includes domestic funding by developing countries of 2 billion.

The heads of the two States agreed that the seventh Russian Chinese summit meeting will take place in China in 1999.

For the current biennium, the total reimbursement amounted to 3,845,091, of which 3,138,437 pertained to country offices and 706,654 to other United Nations agencies.

Of the total amount outstanding of 739 million, 606 million is accounted for by the United States of America, 64 million by Brazil and 22 million by Argentina.

This increase of 91 million reflects an increase of 34 million for regular budget assessments, 55 million for peacekeeping assessments and 2 million for the tribunals.

During the same period, annualized US imports declined by 284 billion more than US exports, and China s annualized trade surplus increased by 249 billion. In other words, from January 2008 to January 2009, the US withdrew 284 billion and China 249 billion in annualized demand from the world economy, whereas Germany provided 173 billion and Japan 157 billion in annualized demand stimulus to the world economy.

The European Union and its member states provide an estimated 1.5 billion in annual subsidies, Japan close to 3 billion, and the United States 868.43 million, 150 million of which consists of tax rebates on marine diesel fuel.

The largest home sources of South South FDI (based on outward FDI stock) were Hong Kong (China) by far the largest ( 283 billion in stock) Brazil ( 45 billion), Singapore ( 40 billion), the Republic of Korea ( 17 billion) and Malaysia ( 15 billion).

Figures 5 and 6 illustrate the breakdown of the top 15 technical assistance recipients accordingly the top 15 recipients of United Nations technical cooperation in 2003.

Of that amount, credits returned to Member States amounted to 22,011,500 gross ( 18,904,900 net).

In 2004, total consumer spending in Latin America and the Caribbean amounted to 0.94 trillion, with the figures being 0.55 trillion for China and 0.35 trillion for India.

The total stock of FDI of developing countries rose from 129 billion in 1990 to 859 billion in 2003, with nearly half of it South South.8

The 2004 figure includes 181.6 million for country programmes, compared to 140.5 million in 2003 and 40.3 million for intercountry (regional and interregional) programmes, compared to 35.9 million for 2003.

On an approval basis, Taiwan Province of China recorded 43 billion.

The consultancy McKinsey argues in a recent report that India needs to invest at least 1.2 trillion in its urban infrastructure over the next two decades, or 134 per capita annually. It currently invests only 17 per capita, compared to 116 in China and 292 in the United States.

Of that amount, credits returned to Member States amounted to 44,460,500 gross ( 43,983,000 net), of which 1,387,900 represented interest and miscellaneous income.

From the total amount, non recurrent start up costs amount to 7,493,500, inclusive of budgeted voluntary contributions in kind of 407,200 provided by the Government of France, while recurrent costs are estimated at 13,282,500 gross ( 12,944,900 net), inclusive of a budgeted voluntary contribution of 560,200 provided by the Government of France.