Bonobos are built slightly smaller than the chimpanzee.

Now this shows a Bonobo on your right, and a chimpanzee on your left.

Chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans also learn human sign language.

So when you compare them to the Bonobo, the Bonobo is a little hairier.

It has also chimpanzees.

He's a Bonobo.

Now, I know that's a dirty word for some people, but we evolved from common ancestors with the gorillas, the chimpanzee and also the bonobos.

We have eight Bonobos.

(a) The World Atlas of Great Apes and their Conservation which provides a comprehensive overview of what is currently known about all the six species of great apes chimpanzee, bonobo, Sumatran orangutan, Bornean orangutan, eastern gorilla and western gorilla.

He doesn't stand quite as upright.

And the ones that stayed on in Africa evolved into the gorillas, the chimpanzees and us.

Because the chimps have a very promiscuous mating society.

So here we are, a chimpanzee using a computer.

This shows the Bonobo compared to an australopithecine like Lucy.

In chimps, by age three, the brain is formed over 90 percent.

Every chimpanzee has his or her own personality.

Chimpanzees don't have a spoken language. We've talked about that.

and make them shake for a bunch of gorillas.

I think the chimpanzee in captivity who is the most skilled in intellectual performance is one called Ai in Japan her name means love and she has a wonderfully sensitive partner working with her.

Slim bodied, Bonobos are by nature very gentle creatures.

One discovery was that wild Bonobos often walk bidpedally.

Chimpanzee troops have different cultures in different troops.

Video Narrator The wild Bonobo lives in central Africa, in the jungle encircled by the Congo River.

So who are we? Brothers of masculine chimps, sisters of feminine bonobos? We are all of them, and more.

Clearly, the chimpanzee has a little bit harder time of walking.

The Bonobo's abilities have stunned scientists around the world.

That is the call that chimpanzees make before they go to sleep in the evening.

Now, get this, you doublecrossing chimpanzee.

And so, I want to give you a greeting, as from a chimpanzee in the forests of Tanzania Ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh!

I work with a species called Bonobo.

SS This is let me show you something we didn't think they would do.

Narrator None of us, Bonobo or human, can possibly even imagine?

I've been studying chimpanzees in Tanzania since 1960.

Is it true that our genetic heritage is almost the same as that of chimpanzees?

In the wild, the parent Bonobo is known to groom its offspring.

We're learning that they probably have a language in the wild.

I observe a chimpanzee peel a banana and eat it.

Apes.

So if we add in a chimpanzee here, we will see more differences.

And we find chimps are capable of true compassion and altruism.

But then I thought, Why be rude to chimpanzees?

Which, by chimpanzee standards, is very good indeed.

Chimpanzees, killer whales, these kinds of creatures, they have culture.

So what I want to do now is introduce you to a species called the Bonobo.

In this case, chimpanzees teaching each other how to crack nuts with rocks.