Thiophene

In the Russian Federation, competent authorities were issuing authorizations for individual transactions of lysergic acid, 3,4 methylenedioxyphenyl 2 propanone, N methylephedrine, norpseudoephedrine (cathine), pseudoephedrine, phenylpropanolamine norephedrine, 1 phenyl 2 propanone, ergometrine, ergotamine and ephedrine.

The solvents used in the illicit manufacture of heroin and cocaine are acetone, ethyl ether, methyl ethyl ketone and toluene the latter two were placed under international control only in 1992.

39. The internationally controlled solvents used in the illicit manufacture of heroin and cocaine are acetone, ethyl ether, methyl ethyl ketone and toluene.

14. Methaqualone global seizures, 1983 1994 13

Substances used in the illicit manufacture of methaqualone

43. Apart from acetic anhydride, the other main precursors required for the manufacture of methaqualone are anthranilic acid and N acetylanthranilic acid.

Uracil

The practice allows for the export of some precursors to certain destinations covered only by open authorization the export of seven Table II substances (i.e. acetone, ethyl ether, hydrochloric acid, methyl ethyl ketone, potassium permanganate, sulphuric acid and toluene) to non sensitive destinations requires no export authorization.

Diketene

1,3,5,7 Cyclooctatetraene

15. Depressants other than methaqualone global seizures, 1983 1994 14

However, the trafficking in methaqualone precursors would be less prevalent if the main source of methaqualone in the illicit traffic were diversion from licit channels.

33. Seizures of methaqualone were reported by only a relatively small number of countries.

10. Sedative type drugs refer to barbiturates, benzodiazepines and other sedatives, for example, methaqualone.

Acetic anhydride is used in the illicit manufacture of heroin and methaqualone.

While the remainder of the world accounted for only 2 per cent of the methaqualone seized worldwide, methaqualone trafficking by region may provide a better picture of the situation.

Explosives pictogram Symbol (exploding bomb) black Background orange .

VII. Methaqualone global seizures and seizures in India, 1986 1995 12

The fastest growth rates are reported for MDMA.

The Phillippines reported having seized 7 tonnes of methaqualone in 1994, 13 per cent of the global total.

The main drugs of abuse in central Asia are cannabis, opium, heroin and ephedrone.

(a) Update on illicit trafficking in ephedrine and methaqualone trends and countermeasures

That initiative was in response to the diversion of precursors in the region and the resultant increased manufacture of illicit drugs, particularly heroin, methamphetamine and methaqualone.

Trafficking in methaqualone and other depressants appears to be more common in Africa and Asia.

However, methaqualone is known to be widely used in several countries in the region.

Namibia reported high but stable daily (1.3 per cent) and yearly (1.9 per cent) illicit consumption of methaqualone in 1995.

While there appears to have been, at the global level, an exponential increase in the weight of methaqualone reported seized in the 1990s and a surge in the amount of methaqualone and other depressants reported seized in 1994, this is concentrated among a small number of countries.

In 1994, India reported having seized 45 tonnes of methaqualone, 85 per cent of the total amount reported seized worldwide.

In 1994 seizures of such depressants were reported by more countries than seizures of methaqualone.

India remains the largest illicit source of methaqualone and the country that reported the greatest volume of seizures.

(b) Naloxone and naltrexone

Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) ( quot ecstasy quot ) has both a stimulant and a hallucinogenic effect.

Poly Tetra Fluoro Ethene

35. For depressants other than methaqualone, 39 countries and territories reported seizures.

Methyl chloride and methylene chloride mixture

Depressants Global seizures of methaqualone and of other depressants in the period from 1983 to 1994 are shown in figures 14 and 15 respectively.

Dichlorodifluoromethane and difluoroethane azeotropic mixture with approximately 74 dichlorodifluoromethane (Refrigerant gas R 500)

The children of Azgad, one thousand two hundred twenty two.

The children of Azgad, two thousand three hundred twenty two.

The children of Azgad, one thousand two hundred twenty two.

The children of Azgad, two thousand three hundred twenty two.

The children of Azgad, a thousand two hundred twenty and two.

The children of Azgad, two thousand three hundred twenty and two.

The children of Azgad, a thousand two hundred twenty and two.