Financing for private business should go through development banks.

Local governments may, within the limits of their powers, support the development of enterprises in cooperation with the banking sector.

The banking sector provides little in the way of financing for women's enterprises and, when it does so, funding is generally advanced through a domiciliary line of credit.

In order to solve the problem of non payments to one another, to make use of the potential of commercial banks and of bills of exchange and promissory notes issued by enterprises

The World Bank has several databases relevant to enterprise development and is also one of the sponsors of the Enterprise Development Website (ENTERWeb).

The large bank guarantees, which some women cannot possibly provide

The bank has so far disbursed Rs. 6.67 billion as credit and has helped 25,226 women entrepreneurs to establish their businesses.

Governments should encourage the banking sector to provide credit to SMEs, for example through fiscal incentives.

Other terms include parallel banking, underground banking and ethnic banking.

In Bolivia, it is reported that Banco Solidario, a private commercial microenterprise bank, is regulated by the Superintendency of Banks, with the same financial and reporting requirements as traditional banks, but with simpler loan documentation and risk classification rules.

Non traditional banking services provided by the FWBL include advisory and consultancy services relating to investment and project identification, identification and development of markets, promotion and sponsoring of work of female entrepreneurs and product display centres for female entrepreneurs.

The drive in the 1930 s to restrict banking activities occurred in many countries. In Belgium, where the first universal banks had been established in the early nineteenth century, investment and commercial banking were also separated.

The World Bank has suggested that the legal requirements for starting a business in many countries are excessive and time consuming and that there exist laws and regulations that restrict the ability of enterprises to restructure or shut down.

455. The limitations on access to financial credit for women who head microenterprises or small enterprises are the same as those for men.

Lastly, the World Bank may bar firms from contracts financed by the World Bank, either indefinitely or for a specified period of time if the World Bank determines that the firm engaged in corrupt or fraudulent practices in competing for, or in executing, a contract financed by the World Bank.

Banking

For its part, the People s Bank of China (PBOC) has engaged in cautious monetary loosening, which includes freeing up more funds for lending by banks that allocate a certain proportion of their total loan portfolio to SMEs. The PBOC, through its pledged supplementary lending program, has also started lending directly to banks that have promised to use the funds for social housing construction.

In order to ensure the supply of food political purchase funds, the Agricultural Development Bank of China has actively engaged in the purchase of bank and enterprise matchmaking meetings by visiting farmers, processing enterprises and trading companies.

An impaired banking system, it is argued, starves businesses, particularly small and medium size enterprises (SMEs), of the funds they need to expand. In September 2008, US President George W. Bush wanted to free up banks to resume the flow of credit to American families and businesses.

More important, financial repression is contributing to a widening disparity between state owned enterprises (SOEs) and small and medium size enterprises (SMEs), with the former enjoying artificially low interest rates from commercial banks and the latter forced to pay extremely high interest rates in the shadow banking system (or unable to access external financing at all).

Portfolio wise break up of the bank's advances is 9.6 as microcredit, 77 to small and medium enterprises and the rest to corporate clients.

When we're told that banking is a very respectable profession a lot of us want to go into banking.

Other initiatives supported by the Bank on a pilot basis include equity financing and technological and management support through joint ventures (for example, with indigenously owned enterprises in developed countries) and other equity financing mechanisms.

SMEs and households with net savings stand to gain the most from interest rate liberalization. But financial repression s winners commercial banks and SOEs will face new challenges.

According to the national agricultural census conducted in 2000, only 15 per cent of all Nicaragua's small and medium sized agricultural enterprises have had access to financing of these, only 2 per cent receive financing from the formal banking system.

Banking

One important problem is that the continuing State control of the banking system, coupled with cross shareholdings between banks and enterprises, often gives rise to credit allocations on political rather than on commercial grounds.

The bank requires that any enterprise seeking loans from it should have 50 ownership by women.

In this sense, the Government of Egypt is planning to grant tax exemptions to banks which provide loans to SMEs.

France has a veto within the boards of directors of the Franc Zone s two central banks, while two French commercial banks, BNP Paribas and Société Générale, exercise a quasi monopoly on lending programs, mainly centered on short term trade financing and the needs of governments, public and private companies, and the elite. All other local banks have adopted the same approach, severely restricting access to financial services for households and entrepreneurs.

For example, non executive directors who are employees of banks and other financial institutions with which the enterprise has a business relationship cannot be considered independent.

When banking is no longer so respectable, we lose interest in banking.

What other part of the corporate world has the ability to drive the global economy into recession, as banks did in the fall of 2008? And who else has an incentive to maximize the amount of debt that they issue?

The Bank was able to provide lending facilities to local businesses and individuals, which has enabled a marked increase in house building on St. Helena.30

Banks and investors consider them to be high risk due to their limited assets, low level or lack of collateral, lack of business history and market volatility.

For performing banking transactions without a licence issued by the National Bank, a legal person may be closed down, and the activities of an individual entrepreneur may be halted, by the decision of a court, in accordance with established legal procedures (second section of article 134 of the Banking Code).

While ownership of bank assets by foreign institutions offers potential opportunities, excessive foreign ownership of bank assets has also, at times, constrained lending to the domestic private sectors and small and medium scale enterprises.

Moreover, how to restructure the financial system remains unclear. The Glass Steagall Act s separation of investment from commercial banking greatly benefited the established oligarchy of investment banks, but somehow the entry of competitors from commercial banks and insurers increased financial companies profits further.

Agricultural banks, rural offices of postal savings institutions, and various development and NGO projects have provided credit, often at subsidized rates, to the rural sector, SMEs and micro enterprises.

The claimant also filed an application for an order requesting that funds of the joint venture be frozen at a Canadian Bank.

The Bank has a long tradition of reaching out to indigenous producers through its social entrepreneurship programme.

As the Central Bank of the country, the Bank of Zambia administered the Bank of Zambia and Foreign Exchange Acts and assisted the Government in regulating and supervising the operations of the Commercial Banks under the Banking Act.

(6) Commercial bank cheque.

G. Banking

For established businesses, retained earnings are the key source of finance but, beyond this, the need to leverage their own resources requires organizational relations with the banking system.