(d) The effects of the utilization of the aquifer or aquifer system in one aquifer State on other aquifer States concerned

Aquifer Natural water bearing geological formation found below the surface of the earth.

(a) With respect to a recharging transboundary aquifer or aquifer system, shall take into account the sustainability of such aquifer or aquifer system and shall not impair the utilization and functions of such aquifer or aquifer system

Even if a domestic aquifer or aquifer system is linked to an international watercourse in the territory of a State where such an aquifer or aquifer system is located, it would fall outside the scope of the draft convention.

(e) The existing and potential utilization of the aquifer or aquifer system

For the purpose of managing a particular transboundary aquifer or aquifer system, aquifer States in whose territories such an aquifer or aquifer system is located are encouraged to enter into a bilateral or regional arrangement among themselves.

(e) Recharging aquifer means an aquifer that receives a non negligible amount of contemporary water recharge

The water in a recharging aquifer is a renewable resource and the water in a non recharging aquifer is a non renewable resource.

(b) Aquifer system means a series of more than two aquifers , each associated with specific geological formations, that are hydraulically connected

(b) Aquifer system means a series of more than two aquifers , each associated with specific geological formations, that are hydraulically connected

Pursuant to article 8, aquifer States shall, on a regular basis, exchange readily available data and information on the condition of the transboundary aquifer or aquifer system, in particular that of a geological, hydrogeological, hydrological, meteorological and ecological nature and related to the hydrochemistry of the aquifer or aquifer system, as well as related forecasts.

As explained in the second report, the draft convention is intended to cover all transboundary aquifers and aquifer systems regardless of whether or not they are related to surface waters.

States have sovereign rights over the natural resources located within their jurisdiction and aquifer States are entitled to utilize aquifers and aquifer systems within their territories.

(c) The population dependent on the aquifer or aquifer system in each aquifer State

Any State in whose territory such an aquifer or aquifer system is located is entitled to participate in the negotiation and to become a party to arrangements when such arrangements are likely to prejudice their positions vis à vis that aquifer or aquifer system.

Any State in whose territory such an aquifer or aquifer system is located is entitled to participate in the negotiation and to become a party to arrangements when such arrangements are likely to prejudice their positions vis à vis that aquifer or aquifer system.

Furthermore, the definition is limited to the water contained in the saturated zone of the aquifer since only that water is extractable.

Furthermore, there should be no gap or overlap between recharging and non recharging aquifers.

Thus, only transboundary aquifers and aquifer systems are covered by the draft convention and domestic aquifers and aquifer systems are excluded from its scope.

(c) Transboundary aquifer or transboundary aquifer system means, respectively, an aquifer or aquifer system, parts of which are situated in different States

Subparagraph (a) of this draft article relates to the utilization of transboundary aquifers and aquifer systems by the aquifer States in which they are located, in the absence of an agreement that allows other States to do so.

Aquifer States shall identify recharge zones of a transboundary aquifer or aquifer system and, within these zones, shall take special measures to minimize detrimental impacts on the recharge process and also take all measures to prevent pollutants from entering the aquifer or aquifer system.

Aquifer States shall protect and preserve ecosystems within a transboundary aquifer or aquifer system.

The water contained in a recharging aquifer is a renewable resource.

(a) Utilization of transboundary aquifers and aquifer systems

(a) The natural condition of the aquifer or aquifer system

In subparagraph (b), the expression each associated with specific geological formations is inserted to indicate that an aquifer system could consist of aquifers not only of the same geological formations but also of different geological formations.

Draft article 12 obliges aquifer States to protect and preserve ecosystems inside aquifers as well as ecosystems outside aquifers, dependent on the aquifers.

(b) Other activities that have or are likely to have an impact upon those aquifers and aquifer systems

(a) Aquifer means a permeable water bearing geological formation underlain by a less permeable layer and the water contained in the saturated zone of the formation

Aquifer States shall, in undertaking other activities in their territories that have or are likely to have an impact on a transboundary aquifer or aquifer system, take all appropriate measures to prevent the causing of significant harm through that aquifer or aquifer system to other aquifer States.

They are encouraged to establish a development plan for such aquifer or aquifer system, taking into account the agreed lifespan of such aquifer or aquifer system as well as future needs of and alternative water sources for the aquifer States.

Aquifer States shall, individually and, where appropriate, jointly, prevent, reduce and control the pollution of a transboundary aquifer or aquifer system that may cause significant harm to other aquifer States or to their environment.

Aquifer States shall, individually and, where appropriate, jointly, prevent, reduce and control the pollution of a transboundary aquifer or aquifer system that may cause significant harm to other aquifer States or to their environment.

As far as possible, account must be taken of the specific features of the aquifer or aquifer system concerned and the particular relations between the aquifer States, the level of their socio economic development and related factors, priorities for the utilization of the aquifer for a specific period of time, and many other factors.

Aquifer States shall, in their respective territories, utilize a transboundary aquifer or aquifer system in a reasonable manner and, in particular

Article 10 Monitoring

The implication was that where there was a well, there were residents.

Aquifer means a subsurface water bearing geologic formation from which significant quantities of water may be extracted.

(f) Non recharging aquifer means an aquifer that receives a negligible amount of contemporary water recharge.

According to the statement, that waste contained toxic heavy minerals such as cadmium, zinc and mercury.

Are there joint bodies mechanisms among the States concerned on the management or other cooperation on these aquifers?

The definitions of recharging and non recharging aquifers became necessary because, pursuant to draft article 5, different rules will apply to each category of aquifers.

Aquifer States shall identify discharge zones of a transboundary aquifer or aquifer system and, within these zones, shall take special measures to minimize detrimental impacts on the discharge process.

Aquifer States shall, in their respective territories, utilize a transboundary aquifer or aquifer system in a manner such that the benefits to be derived from such utilization shall accrue equitably to the aquifer States concerned.