A given pace of accumulation can of course generate different growth rates, depending on its nature and composition, as well as the efficiency with which production capacity is utilized.

Industrial capacity utilization has doubled, and gross domestic product (GDP) has grown at an average of more than 6 per cent per annum.

The higher interest rates go, the better are investments in bonds, which compete with investments in other assets such as stocks or homes. Higher interest rates also raise the cost of borrowing to buy these assets, which may diminish demand for them, exerting downward pressure on their prices.

And, though it continues to guide interest rates on deposits, banks can easily evade these regulations by selling depositors off balance sheet wealth management products, on which returns are not capped. Increases in the cost of funds sources increase the costs of the funds uses that is, credit to enterprises.

First, such investment would allow incomes and aggregate demand to increase, thereby raising the rate of existing capacity utilization.

Efficiency should be sought in energy production, distribution and utilization.

It's increased our dependence on foreign oil despite the gains in fuel efficiency.

The key factors which contribute to inefficient energy use in the transport sector are growing road congestion in urban areas, increasing dependence on cars, and use of vehicles which are not fuel efficient coupled with poor vehicle and road maintenance in developing countries.

(c) Controlling growth in the use of fuel and power by industries through increased energy end use efficiency slows growth in the emissions of climate damaging greenhouse gases.

For example, by investing in energy efficiency, countries could stretch their energy services from existing supply capacities, release capital for needed investments, and reduce harmful emissions.

It would require restraint in Spain, where wages grew at an average annual rate of 3.4 in 2000 2010, as well as a serious effort to accelerate productivity growth. But it would not require falling wages or significant price deflation annual wage growth of 1.7 and productivity growth of 2 would be compatible with inflation close to zero.

However, greater amounts of invested capital do not appear to produce proportional increases in worker output, indicating that better management and marketing techniques may be needed to allow Palestinian businesses to take full advantage of additional capital investment.

Outsourcing some operations also allows significant productivity gains ranging from 15 to 25 per cent, access to additional skills, and improvements in the quality of the services provided.

Such mutual cooperation should lead to cost savings, greater fund availability and higher efficiency and output.

Other examples include use of additives in cattle feed to increase milk production or growth rates and decrease methane production per unit beef.

High home prices are already putting great stress on many families, which are struggling to make their mortgage payments. When interest rates go up, these payments will (when the rate is variable) also go up, possibly becoming unsustainable.

2. UNIDO intervention is geared to play a pivotal role in the Government s efforts to increase the efficiency and productivity of Cuban industry.

It allows small and medium sized enterprises to absorb new technologies that increase efficiency and productivity and helps to improve employment opportunities and labour conditions.

Opportunities for the productive utilization of this asset through employment are enhanced through education.

Falling prices mean a rise in the real value of existing debts and an increase in the debt service burden, owing to higher real interest rates. As a result, defaults, bankruptcies, and economic decline become more likely, putting further downward pressures on prices.

Poor hygiene, sanitation and water exacerbate poverty by reducing productivity and elevating health care costs.

Appropriate management of fertilizer and pesticide use can increase farm yields.

Meeting the world's rapidly growing energy demands in a sustainable manner will require drastically increasing the efficiency with which energy is produced, delivered and used, and will require utilizing a diverse mix of energy sources and technologies.

281. From the standpoint of improvement of agricultural productivity the optimal management of public land constitutes a priority means of substantially raising the contribution of such land to increased output and helping, by a multiplier effect, to disseminate advanced techniques.

The increase in average monthly rates is due to inflation as a result of the introduction of the kuna as the local currency.

ratio actual theoretical energy use

Higher investment in the US by both domestic and foreign companies would boost economic growth, while the resulting increase in capital 160 new businesses, factories, equipment, and research would improve productivity. That should, in turn, boost real wages over time (although the link between productivity growth and wage growth has weakened during the last two decades).

Higher investment in the US by both domestic and foreign companies would boost economic growth, while the resulting increase in capital new businesses, factories, equipment, and research would improve productivity. That should, in turn, boost real wages over time (although the link between productivity growth and wage growth has weakened during the last two decades).

In 2004, global crude steelmaking capacity was reported to be 1.18 billion tones, while the utilization rate was 88 per cent.

The Government has increased the budgetary allocation for marketing substantially, the aim being to increase the number of tourist arrivals by 15,085 and to increase hotel occupancy rates from 45 per cent to 60 per cent in 2005.1

Global trade as a share of GDP may therefore decline, but without adverse consequences for global economic growth. Rising productivity does not require relentlessly increasing trade intensity.

Compared to countries with very slow growth rates, countries with reasonably high growth rates should borrow. But when a country s growth rate continues to increase, its saving rate would increase faster than its investment rate, so it is more likely to run a current account surplus.

Even structural reforms that will eventually increase productivity growth can be recessionary in the short run. Increasing labor market flexibility by reducing the costs of shedding workers will lead in the short run to more layoffs in the public and private sector, exacerbating the fall in incomes and demand.

There can be two types of improvement in productivity productivity growth based on high and rising rates of investment associated with rising employment and a one off increase in labour productivity associated with static efficiency gains resulting from labour shedding under conditions of stagnant or declining investment.

So the equation is simple 5.5 1.5 3.5 0.5 . That 0.5 is all that is left for job growth, because that's all the job growth required to meet demand given the remarkably strong rate of growth of productivity.

Second, high productivity sectors expand and hire more labor. Both processes are needed if the reforms are to increase economy wide productivity.

If the transaction costs, combined with high interest rates, require that the operation in question generate profit margins of the order of 30 to 50 per cent, it is not clear that this would be economically beneficial.

For catch up countries, like China, rapid growth is often accompanied by brisk structural change that moves factors of production, especially labor, from low productivity activities to economic sectors with much higher productivity. This adds to the surplus by increasing firms profitability.

Through the establishment of regional centres of excellence in food processing, safety quality control, packaging, labelling, testing standards, agro machinery, by products utilization, etc., higher productivity and efficiency will be achieved product quality will be improved with a lower share of rejects resource utilization and value addition will be higher and post harvest losses will be reduced.

Through the establishment of regional centres of excellence in food processing, safety quality control, packaging, labeling, testing standards, agro machinery, by products utilization, etc., higher productivity and efficiency will be achieved product quality will be improved with a lower share of rejects resource utilization and value addition will be higher and post harvest losses will be reduced.

32. The increased trade resulting from liberalization had led to accelerated growth among the more open economies of the world.

56. The experience of Myanmar demonstrated that food production and agricultural productivity could be increased through the implementation of appropriate policies.

Cooperation and coordination will aim to utilize fully existing capacities, create more synergies and avoid duplication in order to optimize the impact of technical cooperation.

He hoped that the limits on tour group size could be relaxed in the interest of added productivity.

With high and volatile oil prices, businesses will focus their investments less on boosting productivity and more on maintaining flexible energy usage. At 40 a barrel, expect oil prices to slow the long run growth rate of the world's potential output by 0.1 per year.