It was none other than the United States that pursued us and pushed us systematically to acquire today's physical nuclear deterrence.

They use political violence to intimidate, physical violence to terrorize and mental or emotional violence to undermine.

As far as fissile material is concerned, stockpiles far exceed the threshold necessary for deterrence.

Penalties for drug companies failure to report and communicate safety information must be increased dramatically if they are to serve as effective deterrents

The situation of de facto impunity arising from this situation of exile can only undermine respect for international law and thereby lessen its deterrent effect.

However much military hardware a superpower owns, decay of the will to use it is the same thing as a decay of effective power. After a time, it ceases to overawe.

The removal of UNMISET troops will eliminate a significant deterrent to criminal activities, especially in border areas, while the withdrawal of the military engineering unit leaves no immediate means to maintain the land routes from Dili to the border, which are expected to deteriorate and become impassable without such intervention, especially during the rainy season.

Japan officially endorses the objective of a non nuclear world, but it relies on America s extended nuclear deterrent, and wants to avoid being subject to nuclear blackmail from North Korea (or China). The Japanese fear that the credibility of American extended deterrence will be weakened if the US decreases its nuclear forces to parity with China.

Suspending the ICC s work in this way would undermine its potential for deterrence, one of the purposes for which it was established. Postponing the case against al Bashir would seriously undercut the important principle which has gradually been taking root worldwide that no one is above the law.

Suspending the ICC s work in this way would undermine its potential for deterrence, one of the purposes for which it was established. Postponing the case against al Bashir would seriously undercut the important principle which has gradually been taking root worldwide that no one is above the law.

During the Cold War, the West used hard power to deter Soviet aggression, while it used soft power to erode faith in Communism behind the iron curtain. That was smart power.

The concept of deterrence' in reference to security in outer space.

The active power that information provides is typically the threat of exposure. Such information gives you power primarily in a secretive, opaque world where access to information is limited.

Its detection capabilities already represent a significant deterrent to any would be testers of nuclear weapons.

Finally, a reputation for offensive capability and a declared policy that keeps open the means of retaliation can help to reinforce deterrence. Of course, non state actors are harder to deter, so improved defenses such as pre emption and human intelligence become important in such cases.

The relationship among the variables in cyber deterrence is a dynamic one that will be affected by technology and learning, with innovation occurring at a faster pace than was true of nuclear weapons. For example, better attribution forensics may enhance the role of punishment and better defenses through encryption may increase deterrence by denial.

Those assets are vital for our strategic deterrence posture.

The primary purpose of sanctions in the cartel context is as a deterrent.

The Holy See had expressed its limited acceptance of nuclear deterrence during the cold war on the clear understanding that deterrence merely represented a step towards progressive nuclear disarmament.

It had never countenanced nuclear deterrence as a permanent measure, since deterrence was responsible for the development of ever newer nuclear weapons and actually prevented genuine nuclear disarmament.

Now, one way of dealing with this problem is by deterrence.

Effective remedies are likely to deter human rights violations.

The time had come to re examine the whole strategy of nuclear deterrence.

An alternative system of collective security must be sought from which nuclear deterrence was absent.

Indeed, the Court represents a formidable instrument for combating impunity and a powerful deterrent against the future commission of atrocities, war crimes and crimes against humanity.

In the end, however, he noted that there was a need to ensure that penalties for smuggling were adequate to ensure deterrence.

So long as nuclear weapons remain, states can justify maintaining a minimum nuclear deterrent capability. But that can be done without weapons on high alert, and with drastically reduced arsenals in the case of the US and Russia, and, at worst, at current levels for the other nuclear armed states.

But Liu also engaged in massive abuses of power including accepting more than 10 million in bribes by the time he was arrested in 2011 that resulted in significant economic losses for the state. His (suspended) death sentence should help to deter other officials from choosing the same path.

Equally disturbing was the lack of a protection and deterrence programme even at the present time.

Another issue constraining nuclear disarmament is Russia s view that, without nuclear weapons, its military capabilities would be no match for the conventional forces of the US and NATO. Indeed, many in Russia worry that a US attack against Russia s nuclear deterrent and other defense assets that relies on America s growing stock of long range, precision guided conventional weapons would be as devastating as a nuclear strike.

To maintain deterrence and defend Israel and its citizens from cross border attacks

It must be reiterated that peace cannot be achieved through military might and will never flourish under the mentality of deterrence and military superiority.

Some countries undertook to propagate the notion that their nuclear weapons were intended for peaceful purposes, while other countries' capacity for self defence and nuclear deterrence allegedly posed a threat to world peace.

Growing asymmetries can thus undermine the minimum credible deterrence that we have put in place.

Mr. Vidošević (Croatia) said that the Treaty on the Non Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) had proved to be the most important legal deterrent against proliferation while at the same time promoting the peaceful uses of nuclear energy, in the process enhancing both regional and global security and stability.

The doctrine of a nuclear pre emptive strike is openly preached to render nuclear deterrence obsolete, and the development of new types of nuclear weapons and their qualitative improvement are rapidly being pursued.

Moreover, while the fear of being hauled off to The Hague may have

Connor (2005). Optimal Deterrence and Private International Cartels (draft). www.aae.wisc.edu fsrg web FSRG 20papers 05 20Connor.pdf.

It would also address both inadequate implementation and individual acts of wrongdoing, albeit after the event.

NATO itself is developing protections for our deployed troops. But with the new US approach to missile defense, there are now much better opportunities for an effective NATO wide system that would enhance the territorial defense of our populations and nations.

Key components of the mission profile are deterrence and reassurance, which are achieved by projecting an overt and visible presence, robustness and, above all, authority and impartiality.

To reach its full potential as a deterrent to the kind of hostilities recorded in September, AMIS must achieve full deployment, in terms of both personnel and equipment, as soon as possible.

Nuclear weapon States continued to rely on nuclear weapons in part because they had developed no alternative to nuclear deterrence.

Another option would be to bring the country s nuclear arsenal out of the basement altogether. Israel could then mimic other nuclear armed states by flexing its capacity through announcement and transparent nuclear deployment on land and sea, thereby promoting deterrence.

Moreover, analysts should not limit themselves to the classic instruments of punishment and denial as they assess cyber deterrence. Attention should also be paid to deterrence by economic entanglement and by norms.