67. His delegation fully supported United Nations activities to promote market oriented economic reforms and structural adjustment and the expansion of capital flows, investments and trade.

In addition, although net direct investment flows have become for developing countries the most stable external source of finance for productive investment, they have shown pro cyclical behaviour in recent years.

The overall objective will be to bolster high quality growth, attract long term foreign investment, minimize excessive market volatility, and facilitate rapid integration into the global economic, financial and trading system.

Salaries in Bosnia and Herzegovina are regulated by a general collective contract and branch collective contracts.

27. There are three main categories of private resource flow loans, foreign direct investment (FDI), and portfolio equity investment.

Portfolio management

More credits are accorded to women when the overall composition of the portfolio emphasizes the commercial sector and investment is clearly oriented towards income generating activities or those that are not unduly capital intensive.

The remainder of the balance, consisting of donor contributions, was tied up in short term investments, the majority of which were placed in an investment pool in order to increase liquidity.

That experience points to the importance of mobilizing investment resources, promoting regional integration among developing countries, and enhancing South South cooperation.

The office of the Director is responsible for the overall operations of the Investment Management Service.

But, because they flooded global markets with liquidity, large portfolio flows have moved into emerging market countries, whose currencies often are not as liquid as the dollar. When investment moves back into dollars, the currency fluctuations in these less liquid markets can become excessive.

NEW YORK Even in normal times, individual and institutional investors alike have a hard time figuring out where to invest and in what. Should one invest more in advanced or emerging economies?

3. The Investment Management Service has two in house systems (a) a Portfolio Management System, which was installed in 1993 and (b) the Investment Control and Accounting System, which provides automated accounting for the transaction activities of the investments of the Pension Fund.

(c) Restructuring of State farms (UCP, agro combines...) which require development investments or which have not produced satisfactory economic results.

Concerned about the excessive volatility of speculative short term capital flows and the contagion effects in financial markets in times of crisis,

OFDI from Asian developing economies was contributing to growing South South FDI flows and intra regional investment.

Indeed, where adjustment programmes persisted, the investment cycle often remained volatile, even after the immediate disturbances of the debt crisis subsided.

This new wave of OFDI, termed the Second Wave, was accompanied by significant changes in the structure, characteristics and motivations which differ from those of OFDI in the pre 1990s.

This called for a new, multilateral approach to FDI that would provide the predictability, consistency, transparency and stability required to expand investment flows, including to developing countries, and WTO should initiate work in this regard.

During the FW, Indian OFDI were mostly driven by the desire to escape from the restrictive business environment at home.

But, over time, the longer central banks create liquidity to suppress short run volatility, the more they will feed price bubbles in equity, bond, and other asset markets. As more investors pile into overvalued, increasingly illiquid assets such as bonds the risk of a long term crash increases.

39. Of the three forms of private capital flow (loans, FDI and portfolio equity), FDI and portfolio equity investments are more relevant in the present context of African economies.

(b) In order to establish accountability, the Investment Management Service should either (i) ensure that the fixed income investment officer acts with greater independence in the management of the portfolio or (ii) consider outsourcing the fixed income portfolio while maintaining the investment officer to monitor the performance of the outsourced portfolio (AS2003 801 02 011)

The motivations of OFDI changed radically during the SW.

International financing institutions could increase overall resource commitments to water and sanitation, as well as reorient their portfolios, making use of dedicated financing initiatives for greater investment in rural and smaller settlements.

Financial investment flows procedures for estimating current and future investment flows likely to affect GHG emissions and removals by sinks

And, finally, sharp movements in interest rates and exchange rates can cause volatility in other markets, most notably for equities. Because regulatory controls and market constraints have made brokers less able to play a countercyclical role by accumulating inventory on their balance sheets, the resulting price instability is likely to be large.

She stressed the limits of relying on non core funding of gender mainstreaming activities and the importance of maintaining the gender dimension corporately.

35. UNIDO s activities are focused on building capacities for investment and technology promotion, with the private sector becoming the dominant partner together with the public sector in the mobilization and utilization of investment resources from both international and domestic sources. Its Investment and Technology Programme is conceived and carried out in an integrated manner, encompassing the entire project cycle.

Corporate gender strategy and action plan

Second, an IPA usually also undertakes activities related to investor targeting, including identifying potential investors preparing investment profiles and feasibility studies making direct contact with prospective investors and bringing to bear all kinds of marketing and selling skills to generate an investment.

Prior to approval, each individual investment proposal will be screened based on clear investment criteria, including strategic importance within the overall framework package of United Nations interventions in a country and the capacity to attract additional non core and parallel resources from public and private investors.

By realigning the Fund's investment, infrastructure and team configuration, a number of the audit recommendations made to the Investment Management Service in the past few years can be implemented.

More fully integrated capital markets, to provide project capital and investment funds, are required in order to improve the whole infrastructure of the region.

During the FW, when Indian firms began investing overseas their OFDI operations were financed largely through equity outflows from the home country.

To carry out the mission and achieve the Fund's goals and objectives, the Investment Section of the Investment Management Service actively manages portfolios of equity, fixed income, real estate and short term investments, constantly analysing capital markets and investment opportunities.

In accordance with the work programme, and resources permitting, two further Advisory Expert Group meetings will be held in 2007 to address the overall consistency of recommendations and the integrity of the system as embodied in the draft of the 1993 SNA, Rev.1.

The investment officer will conduct research to recommend appropriate alternative asset classes for the Fund, plan appropriate investment deployment, initiate and lead the selection of external alternative managers, and monitor and evaluate those managers in order to ensure that the alternative investments add value to the Fund's overall investments in terms of both return enhancement and diversification.

But the overall policy mix has been sub optimal, with too much front loaded fiscal consolidation and too much unconventional monetary policy (which has become less effective over time). A better approach in advanced economies would have comprised less fiscal consolidation in the short run and more investment in productive infrastructure, combined with a more credible commitment to medium and long term fiscal adjustment and less aggressive monetary easing.

Is it more effective to offer a general incentives package or to negotiate deals responding to the particular conditions of individual investments?

(As the old adage has it, banks only like to lend to those who do not need money.) Economic activity is thus even more volatile than commodity prices, and much of the gains made in a boom unravels in the bust that follows.

Such investment is often undertaken with a view to minimizing the overall tax burden of a company and may also be undertaken to hedge against currency movements.

The representative of Afghanistan underscored that institutional reforms to promote predictability and transparency in the investment area had been put in place in his country, and an IPR under an Invest in Peace type of initiative could help his country to pursue reforms and adjustments to attract FDI.

The educational system in BiH today integrates education into the four of the following levels

Regional integration in ASEAN had encouraged intra ASEAN investment, which contributes to South South FDI flows.