However, no consensus has yet been reached on critical issues, such as land based and high risk (adventure) tourism, leaving tourism to be regulated to a large extent by the industry itself.

The practical management of high risk (adventure) tourism and its potential impact on national programmes and tour operators in terms of search and rescue operations for unsupported adventure tourists is a growing concern.

(v) Risk management.

Tourism charm town How does charm mesmerize tourists

(10) risk management.

Mr. Tuan Anh Le, Director of Tourism Information Technology Center, National Administration of Tourism, Viet Nam

To implement the Phuket Action Plan, the World Tourism Organization, in collaboration with the international tourism community, has initiated a series of specific activities and actions including familiarization trips for the media and tour operators, communication campaigns, waiving of participation fees at international tourism fairs, assistance in channelling funds to small and medium sized tourism enterprises, workshops on risk management and repositioning of tourism products.

Managing and promoting destinations

DMOs should advertise the existence of their e tourism website.

The main beneficiaries of a DMS are potential travelers, the providers of tourism products and services, national travel agents and outbound travel agents, national tourism institutions, IT providers and investors.

Internal control and risk management

eTourism information technology for strategic tourism management. D. Buhalis, 2003.

C. Risk management strategy

Tourism style towns must be equipped with elements of style, tourism, service and the environment.

DMOs begin with the management of information on tourism products and services and their online promotion.

Managing Risk to Save the Poor

Risk management options

II. Risk management

These other risk management departments shall take charge of identifying and evaluating various kinds of risks, including their own compliance risks, and reporting the related compliance risk information to the compliance department, and shall, with cooperation with the compliance department, monitor and evaluate compliance risk.

Management has already established a risk management committee that will evaluate the piloting of enterprise risk management in the organization.

Eco tourism, cultural and natural heritage tourism, health and medical tourism and adventure tourism are some of the tourism niches that are increasingly marketed by destinations and tourism enterprises in developing countries.

In order to set up a DMS, Governments and DMOs should organize consultative meetings with relevant partners.

UNHCR risk management framework

Functionalities and services of DMSs

3. Trade finance and risk management

Contributing factors for the successful integration of local tourism enterprises into international tourism markets are adequate e tourism strategies that focus on tourism innovation in terms of tourism products and adoption of e business tools such as destination management systems.

Equally, risk managers should have the authority to override senior management if necessary in order to cut excessive exposures.

Tourism niches such as ecotourism one of the fastest growing segments of the tourism industry are increasingly promoted by DMOs in many developing countries, allowing them to diversify their tourism offer.

However, the experience of several DMSs in both developing and developed countries shows that a free subscription for tourism enterprises guarantees their larger participation in the DMS.

In order to ensure the long term sustainability of a DMS, DMOs should develop accurate business models according to local conditions.

Interesting examples at the regional and national levels are the DMSs developed by the Caribbean Tourism Organisation (CTO) and by the Tourism Authority of Thailand.

Diversification can serve as a risk management strategy, but risk can also hamper diversification.

The use of ICT tools such as DMSs should assist them in their efforts to market their tourism offer globally and to ensure the strategic management of their destinations to ultimately improve their competitiveness on tourism markets.

Internal audit and corporate risk management

8. Insurance premiums as measures of the effectiveness of risk management activities

The distribution of tourism products on the Internet complements traditional distribution channels (travel agents, national tourism offices, tourism producers, call centers, etc.) because a large number of DMOs do not yet have the capacity to develop an effective e tourism website and cannot rely only on uncertain online revenues.

Some of the key issues included the assessment and monitoring of cumulative impacts the establishment of a database the development of a regulatory framework, including accreditation and site specific guidelines and safety and self sufficiency for high risk (adventure) tourism.

Mr. Roger Carter, Managing Director, Tourism Enterprise and Management (TEAM), London, United Kingdom

Mr. Aley Sobers, Director of Research and Information Management, Caribbean Tourism Organisation

They should create awareness of the potential of e tourism and provide incentives for the development of tourism enterprises' websites (for hotels, for instance) that could be referenced on the DMO e tourism website.

Business models should provide technological, financial and marketing solutions for the providers and users of the DMS, namely tourism providers (accommodation, transport and leisure companies), travel agents, tour operators, and consumers.

Government policies can encourage tourism distribution channels to give preference to sustainable tourism products by providing training to destination management organizations and tourism boards, developing industry driven standards and supply chain management approaches, educating the public on certification schemes and promoting travel fairs that focus on sustainable products.

16. As a result, no standardized policy in risk retention and management had been developed across the Organization.

DMSs are the IT infrastructure used by DMOs for the collection, storage, management and distribution of information and for the transaction of reservations and other commercial activities.

It focuses on the practical modalities of new business models that destination management organizations and tourism enterprises should adopt to improve their competitiveness in tourism markets.