Retailers are distributors selling to end consumers.

Wholesale prices followed trends similar to those of retail prices.

Perhaps most important, current retail petrol prices are readily visible.

Growing use by retailers of own brands and discount retailing have also been driving prices down significantly.

The guidance price of RMB1,499 was RMB200 higher than the previous retail price of RMB1,299.

Three additional factors create difficulties for producers of final products in the origin countries regarding market entry at the retail level.

With 15 million retail outlets, India has the highest retail outlet density in the world.

This was evidence of resale price maintenance, which affects intrabrand competition and limits the right of the retailer to apply his own sale prices.

Cocaine seizures and retail prices in Europe, 1983 1994

4. Heroin seizures and retail prices in Europe, 1983 1994 6

9. Cocaine seizures and retail prices in Europe, 1983 1994 9

They operate at the margin between ex factory and wholesale and retail prices.

In 2004, the retail market in Viet Nam was worth about 20 billion.

Figure 4. Heroin seizures and retail prices in Europe, 1983 1994

The European average real retail price of cocaine in 1994 was about 45 per cent of the 1983 price.

A review of the retail sector in the last 20 years has revealed that the rise of e commerce was similar to the emergence of discount retailers many years ago both were focused on price and convenience.

Consumer demand has been the main factor responsible for lower prices in retailing.

Large retailers may also engage in selling below cost and predatory pricing whereby prices are cut aggressively to force competitors to sell at a loss.

Eventually, they themselves become formal retailers.

Retailers could exercise their power in setting prices at the local level.

Retail and wholesale prices of cocaine, in contrast, declined fairly steadily in a similar manner to those of heroin, as shown in figure 9.

In 2002, for example, China's retail market was worth 4,000 billion, larger than all non Japan Asian countries combined, and represented 5 per cent of worldwide retail sales.

The retail sector includes two main types of retailers store and non store retailers.

Producers are also engaging in direct sales to consumers through on line retailing, bypassing retailers.

Retailers operating internationally can also resort to so called transfer pricing.

In spite of recent developments, retailing continues to be one of the least developed industries in India, and the growth of organized retailing has been much slower than in the rest of the world.

The final sales price is 5 per 25 kilogram bag or 200 per metric ton (at the port of Kismaayo).

However, the retail price (price to the consumer) at stage (d) of the same 25 kilogram bag is 15 to 20.

Retail trade 353

Wholesale receipts had the largest gain at 44.5 per cent, followed by retail sales at 10.1 per cent and services at 8.2 per cent.14

Retail sellers of petrol in four Brazilian cities were prosecuted for price fixing agreements.

The top 100 retailers (see table 3) account for 25 per cent of worldwide retailing sales.

On the fully commercial side, the mobile revolution is creating a logistics revolution in farm to retail marketing. Farmers and food retailers can connect directly through mobile phones and distribution hubs, enabling farmers to sell their crops at higher farm gate prices and without delay, while buyers can move those crops to markets with minimum spoilage and lower prices for final consumers.

Now just hang on to me tonight... and you'll have a great time, and at retail prices.

Retail fuel dealers

Wholesale and retail trade

27. Retail and wholesale

In the large scale retailing segment, domestic companies still dominate the market the three largest retailers are national firms controlling almost 60 per cent of the market.

The Commission sanctioned Panamco Tica by imposing a fine of 34,028,360 and compelled it to amend the relevant clauses in the contracts to specify that the price lists are merely recommended, and not compulsory, and that the price to be applied for resale is to be determined by the retailer.

Recent monthly figures suggest a pick up in retail sales. But, because the official statistics capture mostly sales by larger retailers and exclude the fall in sales by hundreds of thousands of smaller stores and businesses that have failed, consumption looks better than it really is.

The Euro Retailer Produce Working Group (EUREP) is a European based trade organization for retailers.

Recently a wholesale retailing operation (Cost U Less) and the first cinema opened in the Territory (the cinema is owned by a Hawaii based operator).

While the first operates fixed point of sale locations, non store retailers or retailers away from a fixed location reach customers and market merchandise with methods such as broadcasting infomercials , paper and electronic catalogues, door to door solicitation and selling from portable stalls.

Wholesale and retail petrol

Retail trade and repair services