Memory B cells turn into plasma cells, which produce wave after wave of the specific antibodies that latch onto HIV to prevent it from infecting cells, while squadrons of killer T cells seek out and destroy cells that are already HIV infected.

So we hypothesized that female stem cells might be better at identifying the injury, doing some cellular repair or even producing new organs, which is one of the things that we're trying to do with stem cell therapy.

There's a class of cells, a fairly small cell, an inhibitory cell, that quiets its neighbors.

And it won't do any good to bring in the tanks and the artillery because those T cells don't recognize it either.

That's going to spray cells over that area.

Designing therapies to sustain a stable tumor mass rather than eradicate all cancer cells will require a strategy that looks beyond the immediate cytotoxic effects of any one treatment. Researchers will need to establish the mechanisms by which cancer cells achieve resistance and what it costs them.

Cells that are capable of triggering inflammation are balanced by cells that promote tolerance, protecting the body without damaging sensitive tissues.

And they will either enter into this so called cellular suicide, programmed cell death, or they will form unhealthy daughter cells and enter into apoptosis once they have divided.

These are female and male stem cells.

They discovered that adult cells, taken from you and me, could be reprogrammed back into embryonic like cells, which they termed IPS cells, or induced pluripotent stem cells.

In order to preserve the human species, it would be preferable surely to use gene therapy with caution, restricting it to somatic cells (body cells excluding germ cells), to the exclusion of germ cells (i.e. the cells used for sexual reproduction).

And in fact, it might be changing the cells themselves to make the cells resistant.

Well basically that means that this protein is changing from the sensitive cell to the resistant cell.

So, just as judicious use of pesticides can control invasive species, a therapeutic strategy designed to maintain a stable, tolerable tumor volume could improve a patient s prospects for survival by allowing sensitive cells to suppress the growth of resistant ones.

So, I added these protocells together to the system, and protocell A and protocell B fused together to form a hybrid protocell AB.

For this fish, it's actually whole cells with nuclei and membranes.

This is a normal cell. This is a cancer cell.

And some of our investigative teams have demonstrated that female stem cells and this is in animals and increasingly we're showing this in humans that female stem cells, when put even into a male body, do better than male stem cells going into a male body.

In many forms of blindness, like retinitis pigmentosa, or macular degeneration, the photoreceptor cells have atrophied or been destroyed.

The observation that stem cells, as master cells, could give rise to a whole variety of different cell types heart cells, liver cells, pancreatic islet cells captured the attention of the media and the imagination of the public.

We then take the cells, the vascular cells, blood vessel cells, we perfuse the vascular tree with the patient's own cells.

Embryonic stem cells have occupied center stage, chiefly because of their pluripotency that is their ease in differentiating into a variety of different cell types.

We're made of cells and stuff between cells.

Like I said, pollen carries the male sex cells.

In effect, the cancer cell was forgetting it was cancer and becoming a normal cell.

Fat derived stem cells are adult stem cells.

It turns out, the DNA in the bacterial cell was actually methylated, and the methylation protects it from the restriction enzyme, from digesting the DNA.

Cells?

Just a preparatory injection... to get the old body cells going.

And out in the cytoplasmic soup we have special proteins that are required for cell division that float freely in this soup in three dimensions.

Until the only things that you have left are these cells here, the output cells, the ones that send the signals to the brain, but because of all that degeneration they aren't sending any signals anymore.

Because what stem cells are they're these phenomenal cells that really have the ability to differentiate into any type of tissue.

But adult stem cells are not embryonic stem cells.

These are support cells astrocytes glia.

We then grow the cells outside the body, take the scaffold, coat the scaffold with the cells the patient's own cells, two different cell types.

Or we can use cells alone, either your very own cells or different stem cell populations.

Liver cells, nerve cells, pancreatic cells we still can't grow them even today.

My body's an accumulation of ideas too the idea of skin cells, the idea of brain cells, the idea of liver cells.

And the other part is on the inside where it sends signals into the cell.

A windpipe cell already knows it's a windpipe cell.

It carries male sex cells from one flower to another.

We thought that maybe nitric oxide affected cell death, and how cells survive, and their resistance to other things.

So what happens when a person gets a retinal degenerative disease like macular degeneration? What happens is is that, the front end cells die, the photoreceptors die, and over time, all the cells and the circuits that are connected to them, they die too.

The immune cells developed into the tolerance promoting cells.

So you may not only have car cells, you may have Aston Martin cells.