It was for the individual parties to check with the signatory whether a signature had been appended, and the signature derived its legal effect from the proven link between the signature and the signatory.

4. Signatures by legal and natural persons 114 117 36

1. Where signature creation data can be used to create a signature that has legal effect, each signatory shall

(i) The method used to identify the signatory

signed signed

(i) The signatory knows that the signature creation data have been compromised or

(b) The signature creation data were, at the time of signing, under the control of the signatory and of no other person

However, in order to allow for a wider use of digital signatures, it would be necessary to promote the confidence of the general public in the authenticity of the signatures and in the reliability of the methods being used for their verification.

Article 7 thereof was designed to ensure reliability by requiring the signature to perform the function of identification of the signatory.

Conduct of the signatory

However, with a view to facilitating its deliberations, the Working Group decided that the focus of its work would be placed initially on issues of digital signatures, which were better known than other techniques, through legislation and legal literature.

Your signature, please.

The provision in paragraph 3 (b), however, would allow the court to consider the circumstances in which the signature had been affixed, thereby permitting something that fell short of a digital signature.

This report does not contain any signature or name of the person purported to have signed it.

(d) Signatory means a person that holds signature creation data and acts either on its own behalf or on behalf of the person it represents

B. Specific legal issues and draft provisions on digital signatures

(b) To the geographic location of the place of business of the issuer or signatory.

Signed, Allan R. Nealy, District Judge.

(ii) That the signatory that is identified in the certificate had control of the signature creation data at the time when the certificate was issued

(ii) The circumstances known to the signatory give rise to a substantial risk that the signature creation data may have been compromised

The view was expressed that the definition of digital signature should be extended to cover not only the use of public key cryptography but also other types of electronic signatures.

Bank signatories

(a) Digital signature 30 38 10

The question of the legal regime of devices used for performing functions equivalent to handwritten signatures, such as digital and other forms of electronic signatures, was found to be one of the most important issues that needed to be addressed so as to strengthen the legal infrastructure for electronic commerce.

In a number of jurisdictions, new laws governing digital signatures were currently being prepared.

If the draft article contained only the identity criterion in paragraph 3 (a), a court in a jurisdiction with digital signature laws might decide that only a digital signature was appropriate for identifying the parties.

But to get it, they would have to get it signed by one of the women.

F. UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Signatures (2001)

(c) The UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Signatures (2001)

Signed

External Auditor

Initialled

Vienna, 14 June 2005

Stamp

Signature

Malaysia had been one of the first countries to pass a law on digital signatures.

It was suggested that a provision along the lines of paragraph (1) might need to distinguish between different kinds of digital signatures (e.g., the various levels of security performed by various algorithms, and the corresponding variation in the costs of digital signatures) and different circumstances under which digital signatures were used.

According to draft paragraph 3 (a), the essence consisted in providing a means of identifying the signing party and of linking that party with the document signed, as in the case of a handwritten signature, for which no further standard of reliability was imposed.

Therefore, the risk arising from reliance on a digital signature might need to be allocated to the recipient or to the issuer of the digital signature, depending on the type of transaction involved.

The Working Group was urged not to introduce, in connection with digital signatures, requirements more stringent than those that applied to handwritten signatures.

Sign it over to someone else.

As to how such a principle might be expressed, a suggestion was made that paragraph (1) should be redrafted in the form of an irrebuttable presumption to the effect that the holder of a digital signature would be deemed to be the signer of a data message to which that digital signature was affixed.

1. Where a certification service provider provides services to support an electronic signature that may be used for legal effect as a signature, that certification service provider shall

(d) Where a purpose of the legal requirement for a signature is to provide assurance as to the integrity of the information to which it relates, any alteration made to that information after the time of signing is detectable.

A signature by one person on behalf of another reflected, if authorized by the latter, that person's intent.