318. A variety of terms are used for marine protected areas,69 such as marine sanctuary , marine reserve , marine park , protected seascape or wildlife sanctuary .

2. Marine protected areas

MPAs are a valuable tool for fisheries management because they allow local control of the marine food supply.

And, in 1972, this nation began to establish a counterpart in the sea, National Marine Sanctuaries.

Numerous countries use Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) to protect critical breeding grounds and migration routes for marine life.

Here's the Pacific with large MPAs and large conservation zones on it.

Marine Protected Areas Are Cost Effective

(f) Database on Marine Protected Areas of the Wider Caribbean.

Regional Organization for the Protection of the Marine Environment (ROPME)  Kuwait Convention region

The rationale behind the criteria was based on, in particular, the need to strengthen the management of existing marine and coastal specially protected areas (SPAs) and to establish new SPAs covering the most critical marine habitats and ecosystems of the region.

Many instruments are available to provide special protection, including marine protected areas.

They were the world's largest marine protected area up until last week when the Chagos Archipelago was declared.

(a) Regional Overview of Best Management Practices in Hotels and Marine Protected Areas

Last month, Canada designated three new marine protected areas, bringing the total to five.

44 above). It was noted by the representative of FAO and a non governmental organization that it was necessary to differentiate between zones for protecting biodiversity and those for fisheries management.

Kuwait estimates the loss of well being by multiplying the period during which a person suffered from PTSD symptoms by a disability weight representing the loss of well being as a result of living with these symptoms.

C. The protection of marine environment and biodiversity in the Area

It is an agreement that seeks to coordinate the efforts of all countries of the Gulf region for the protection and conservation of marine resources.

Marine environment, marine resources, marine biodiversity and the protection of vulnerable marine ecosystems

(g) Criteria for the establishment of, and for management aspects of, MCPAs

Marine environment, marine resources and the protection of vulnerable marine ecosystems

A recent study of 83 MPAs worldwide found that conserving 20 30 per cent of the world's oceans would cost between 5 19 billion annually and would create about 1 million new jobs to manage and protect them.

Marine environment, marine resources, marine biodiversity and the protection of vulnerable marine ecosystems

317. Marine protected areas are established on the basis of a wide variety of objectives.

Within the context of national and regional efforts to promote integrated marine and coastal area management, networks of marine and coastal protected areas other conservation areas, and biosphere reserves provide useful and important management tools for different levels of conservation, management and sustainable use of marine and coastal biological diversity and resources.

(ii) Protection of the marine environment and

One delegation noted that where marine protected areas were related to the resources of the deep seabed, the participation of the International Seabed Authority with regard to scientific research, the protection and conservation of the natural resources of the Area and the prevention of damage to the flora and fauna of the marine environment in the Area should be respected as well.

(24 members three year term)

(a) Protection and preservation of the marine environment

One very clear way is the marine protected areas, especially no take reserves that we set aside to allow for the recovery for marine life.

Yet others referred to the difficulties regarding the enforcement of such protected areas in the high seas.

Those programmes include the Global Plan of Action for the Conservation, Management and Utilization of Marine Mammals, the Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land based Activities and the Regional Seas Programme.

V Marine safety and protection of the marine environment from accidental pollution

Because MPAs are a proven cost effective way to increase fish stocks, they would be a crucial complement to a moratorium on industrial longline fishing in the Pacific.

A recent study of 80 marine reserves found significant improvements in fisheries inside the reserves compared to the same area before the reserve was formed or areas outside the reserve.

Likewise many sea areas that do require protection from such activities may not have been designated as marine protected areas.

323. Not every marine protected area requires special protection from shipping activities.

Within our coastal and marine areas, we have established national marine parks and reserves in order to enhance protection and conservation of the diverse and highly productive ecosystems therein.

320. Marine protected areas are generally designated on a national level by Governments.

Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission

Commission for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North East Atlantic

PAME Protection of the Arctic Marine Environment

The representative of the Permanent South Pacific Commission said that its plan of action to protect the marine environment, including vulnerable marine ecosystems, and the Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment and Coastal Area of the South East Pacific and its Protocols provided the basis for action with respect to marine debris.

MPAs offer the added advantage over subsidized industrial fishing by creating regions where the recovery of fish stock and endangered species could take place for less than the cost of subsidizing the global industrial fisheries.

390. ROPME has developed a regional plan of action, which is consistent with the Washington Declaration and the Global Plan of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land based Activities.