Single crystals of BGO(Bi12GeO20), BSO(Bi12SiO20) and their solid solutions are wide band gap, high resistivity semi insulators that are also piezoelectric, photoconductive, acousto optic, magneto optic and optically active.

Circuit NPN Transistor

Circuit PNP Transistor

These materials and their solid solutions in single crystal form can be used as substrates for thin film epitaxy devices for optoelectronic applications in integrated optics.

And more than that, it's a confection of different ideas, the idea of plastic, the idea of a laser, the idea of transistors.

The devices that computers use are what's called a transistor.

A quadrillion transistors is almost the same as the number of neurons in your brain.

Bismuth silicate (BSO), Bismuth germanite (BGO) and their solid solutions have created a great deal of interest in the forms of bulk crystals and epitaxial films for opto and acousto electronic applications in integrated devices.

Propanal

Chloroform

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Ascorbic acid

The author of this paper explained that the crystal converts the vibration of ultrasound emitted outside the human body into electricity to drive a tiny transistor, which is directly attached to a nerve or muscle fibers, inside the device.

This is crystallized DNA.

As such, they have found widespread applications in optical information processing and computer components such as spatial light modulators and photoreactive volume holographic optical elements.

We went to the fourth paradigm, transistors, and finally integrated circuits.

MIT just has a new radio chip that uses far less power than our chips.

Polymeric transistors have been developed that can be used in rather simple integrated circuits.

Unlike Gertrude Stein's roses, it's not the case that a transistor is a transistor.

Here's the eye with the opaque lens, the opaque lens extracted and an acrylic lens inserted.

Crystal structure determination

Display crystal structures

And when this crystal is squeezed, the electrical properties change and it which in proportion to the forces that go in.

And if you want to take a single crystal of DNA, it looks like that.

A load cell measures forces, and this is actually a piezoelectronic load cell that has a little crystal in it.

Biophysics, in particular electrophoretic and protein crystal growth studies in microgravity.

So, since the transistor is so simple, you can put lots of them together.

And the cost of a transistor cycle, which is a measure of the price performance of electronics, comes down about every year.

A transistor is nothing more than a wall switch.

Gnome Crystal Crystalline Structures Viewer

Edit and display crystalline structures

This is an inorganic tube.

It's actually not life, it's a crystal.

Moore's Law was just the last part of that, where we were shrinking transistors on an integrated circuit, but we had electro mechanical calculators, relay based computers that cracked the German Enigma Code, vacuum tubes in the 1950s predicted the election of Eisenhower, discreet transistors used in the first space flights and then Moore's Law.

It was a diamond cell structure was the point of departure.

After Von Neumann, we have the Pentium, where the billionth transistor is as reliable as the first one.

This sensor has been compressed to 1 mm3, called Neural Dust which includes a piezo electric crystal.

(j) Plasma crystal 3 study of physical phenomena occurring in plasma dust crystals at different levels of inert gas pressure and the power of the high frequency generator in conditions of micro gravity

They make their own intraocular lenses.

I think it's our collective intelligence.

I don't remember ever seeing blood crystals as anaemic as these.

Well, here's a list of them. They're hard to tell, but there's one billion PC chips on the Internet, if you count all the chips in all the computers on the Internet.

Processor performance on Intel chips, the average price of a transistor 1968, you could buy one transistor for a dollar.

So now the neurons are represented by little nodes or circuits on the chip, and the connections among the neurons are represented, actually modeled by transistors.

And why? Because the lowly abalone is able to lay down the calcium carbonate crystals in layers, making this beautiful, iridescent mother of pearl.