The projections of CO2 emissions from bunkers are presented separately.

And that's because we're measuring the weight so precisely that carbon comes in different isotopes, so if it has an extra neutron on it, we actually measure it as a different chemical.

It can be seen in Figure 3 that methane is also measured at the locations along with CO2.

What we're also missing is blue carbon, which, by the way, is the largest store of carbon more than 55 percent.

In 1956, long term carbon dioxide measurements were begun at Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii, USA.

To measure CO2 an instrument called a non dispersive infra red analyser (NDIR) is more or less universally used.

Total emissions of HFCs, PFCs and SF6 (gigagrams of CO2 equivalent)

Tyndall s measurements 150 years ago showed that carbon dioxide traps heat and causes warming. And, 50 years ago, Keeling s measurements showed that CO2 levels are increasing.

The CO2 projections for 2000 were made in the communication using net emission levels, i.e. the estimated sequestration by the forestry sink has been subtracted.

We can't see CO2 we depend on scientific measurements for it and we see the beginning results of having too much of it but we can see pre CO2 now floating on the waters and contaminating the beaches in the Gulf.

The United Kingdom is considering developing improved procedures for monitoring the effects of individual CO2 abatement measures.

Projected CO2 emissions in this sector in 2000 are 5 per cent higher than 1990 levels, and 11 per cent higher in 2005.

7.9 quot Tonne of carbon equivalent quot means the amount of carbon dioxide (or other greenhouse gas calculated by global warming potential) in terms of tonnes of carbon (44 12 of one tonne of carbon dioxide is equal to one tonne of carbon).

quot Tonne of carbon equivalent quot means the amount of carbon dioxide (or other greenhouse gas calculated by GWP) in terms of tonnes of carbon (44 12 of one tonne of carbon dioxide is equal to one tonne of carbon).

That changed only in the late 1950 s, when Charles Keeling started to measure CO2 with unprecedented accuracy in Antarctica and on Mauna Loa in Hawaii, far away from any sources. By 1960, he was able to prove that CO2 was indeed on the rise.

For example, under this system the World Calibration Centre for Carbon Dioxide Measurements is at the NOAA laboratory in Boulder, USA.

Cars and trucks add up to about 25 percent of the world's CO2 emissions.

The team assumed that emissions of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) would increase while those of perfluorocarbons (PFCs) would decrease, but none of them were mentioned in the communication.

1 GT (or gigatonne) CO2 equivalent means 1,000 million of tonnes of CO2.

MT (or mega tonne) of CO2 equivalent means 1,000,000 tonnes of CO2.

Parties that made HFC projections for 2000 expect a considerable growth, while PFC projections show a decreasing trend.

They have exactly the same amount of carbon.

This is mainly caused by a steep decrease in the emissions of CFCs, primarily from refrigeration plants (from 1.6 Gt CO2 eq to 0.3 Gt CO2 eq), responding to the requirements of the Montreal Protocol.

For 13 Parties, CO2 emissions from fuel combustion represented more than 90 per cent of the total CO2 emissions.

They don't have any carbon content.

Figure 1. CO2 Emissions per Capita

The projections indicate that emissions of gases other than CO2 will continue to decline (as was the case between 1990 and 1995).

Green carbon, which is the deforestation and agricultural emissions, and blue carbon together comprise 25 percent of our emissions.

Geodesy, photo grammetry and remote sensing

If the abundance analysis of the Galileo Probe data supports a carbon rich environment at the impact sites our model demonstrates that there is enough time to grow amorphous carbon grains in the fireballs rising immediately after the impacts.

Slovakia provided projections of its energy related emissions of CO2, CH4 and N2O in 2005.

The use of wood products in place of materials that are associated with the release of large volumes of carbon dioxide could lead to significant net reductions in carbon dioxide emissions.

The largest share of total GHG emissions expressed in CO2 equivalent was that of carbon dioxide, accounting for 83 per cent.

Debits where emissions are larger than removals on a unit of land.

Credits where removals are larger than emissions on a unit of land.

Figure 2. Total Global Emissions (Gigatons)

B. Measurement and detection

Parties may authorize any domestic entity, including government agencies, private firms, non government organizations and individuals, participating in activities leading to generation, transfer and receipt of credits measured as tonnes or CO2 equivalent or some other agreed basis.

While noting that there were significant uncertainties in emission projections, the special report estimated that, under a business as usual scenario, the total direct emissions of CFCs and HCFCs were expected to decrease significantly over the period from 2002 to 2015 (from about 2.1 Gt CO2 eq in 2002 to about 1.2 Gt CO2 eq in 2015).

(ii) As a limited basket (for example, all gases except those for which there is insufficient knowledge of GWP or inability to measure emissions and removals or for CO2, methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) initially with hydrofluorocarbon (HFC), perfluorocarbon (PFC) and SF6 to be added no later than 2000) or

Carbon dioxide level has gone up and up and up.

Measure

Remote sensing of space debris from ground based measurements generally falls into two categories radar measurements and optical measurements.

(a) Avoid, as far as possible, the use of fluorocarbons in testing procedures

Typically, radar measurements have been used for space debris in low Earth orbit (LEO), while optical measurements have been used for high Earth orbit (HEO).