For these reasons, Obama is championing a revenue neutral reform that would leave corporate tax revenues unchanged, with the proposed rate cut financed by limiting deductions, credits, and loopholes, which would broaden the tax base.

Domestically, however, a certain sense of confidence has re emerged, and, in the last few months, there has been a significant increase in the tax yield, the result of greater strictness in the collection of customs duties and taxes.

Other States may resort to laws prohibiting tax evasion, given that this illegal income is neither declared nor taxed.

Taxes, revenues, uncollectible taxes and tax credits

This drop in revenues may be worsened by the amendments to the laws on free zones, value added tax and income tax adopted in 1997 and 1998, which together have eroded the tax base.

1. Taxation and customs

Political stability, good governance, clear property rights and reasonable tax structures are just some of the essential factors for fostering private sector growth.

There are no income, estate or capital gains taxes.

Indohaadde's representatives collect taxes on a weekly basis.

The tax system should be reformed by increasing reliance on income progressive taxes, restructuring the property tax and introducing reasonably progressive taxes.

Microeconomic factors for investment site selection included the corporate tax structure, trade and customs regimes, the labour market situation and financial infrastructure.

This, combined with the effects of taxes, has brought them to the same level as in some OECD countries or even higher.

Tax revenue

Moreover, it ignores many similar factors that accompanied the debt crisis of the 1970s and 1980s, including a drop in the income of African countries from the revenues of their basic commodities, as well as tax limitations and taxes imposed on goods from developing countries.

There is no income tax, and customs duties account for about 35 per cent of government revenues other significant revenue sources are company fees, land and stamp taxes, employment tax, a hospital levy, vehicle licence fees and taxes on hotel occupancy, passenger departures and cigarette sales.

Property taxes, excise taxes, import duties, and sales taxes all of which are paid, directly or indirectly, by corporations can have a magnified impact on corporate profits, and hence on the stock market. It is no coincidence that wherever stock markets thrive, governments take care that these taxes stop well short of destroying after tax corporate profits.

Consequently, they were obliged to impose high taxes as a source of revenue on a low income population.

For the first time since Dayton, new revenue distribution arrangements (customs revenues and most excise and sales tax revenues) have been launched.

Revenue from businesses and entry taxes

Excise taxes may be levied when goods leave a factory or arrive at a port, simplifying measurement, collection, and monitoring, while ensuring coverage and limiting evasion. But, despite their robust base and low administrative costs, excise taxes currently amount to less than 2 of low income countries GDP, compared to roughly 3 in high income countries.

Collection and grants Allocated non fiscal revenue

3. import duties and domestic taxes.

Saved by Taxes

Taxing Tissue

State Revenues Act.

Municipal Revenues Act.

Alternative types of taxation

In many developing countries, total tax revenue is derived from three main sources domestic taxes on goods and services (sales and excise taxes), direct taxes (primarily on corporations), and, most important, taxes on foreign trade (import duties). But, as trade liberalization has lowered tariffs and duties, the share of trade taxes has declined, while other sources have not compensated for falling trade revenue.

Even now, many argue that including everyone in the discussion would result in politicization of the tax system, and that decisions should thus be left to the experts. But taxation is inherently political, as it involves issues of equity, justice, and the common good.

This disincentive disappears if the corporate tax base is decoupled from current profits and linked to some broad measure of activity. Indeed, this would create an incentive for each company to outperform the average, since above average profits would go untaxed.

We Saxons have little to fatten on by the time your tax gatherers are through.

But the financial repression tax is not nearly as progressive as a more general wealth tax would be, because lower income households typically have a smaller share of their assets in equities. In any event, it is unclear how financial repression can be the whole story.

Indeed, the politics of stock markets does not stop with taxes. On the contrary, almost every activity of government has an impact on corporate profits, and in turn, on the stock market.

General carbon taxes are under consideration, and a shift towards taxing the use rather than the purchase of cars is foreseen.

Taxation and determining location of the parties

1. Income tax.

ROME An effective tax policy that ensures adequate domestic revenue is a crucial determinant of a country s ability to pursue development policies. But tax revenues in most developing countries are low, impeding progress toward more balanced, inclusive, and sustainable economic development that can improve public health and raise standards of living.

He is of the opinion that the essence of the allocation of tax jurisdiction does not lie in the physical place where income is formally generated, but rather in the place of origin of income, that is to say, the place where the intellectual element is to be found or a substantial income producing activity is carried on, and where the wealth is created.

This does not mean an increase in overall taxation, but simply a substitution in each country of a pollution (carbon) tax for some current taxes. It makes much more sense to tax things that are bad, like pollution, than things that are good, like savings and work.

I estimate that the rise by two percentage points in the amount collected from employees corresponds to about 1.4 trillion in revenue over ten years. This serious revenue boost was not counted in standard reports, because the payroll tax holiday for 2011 2012 had always been treated legally as temporary.

In exchange for shifting to a territorial system and reducing the tax rate, the federal government could tax all of these untaxed past earnings at a low rate to be paid over a ten year period. Companies would then be free to repatriate their pre existing earnings without paying any additional tax, while future foreign earnings could, as in other countries, be repatriated by paying a low 5 tax.

All items should be exempt from tax and customs duty.

Capital tax differences among countries would induce capital to flow from the high tax to the low tax economies.

China could usefully explore shifting part of the burden from labor toward property, capital gains, and inheritance taxes. Larger dividends paid to the budget from the highly profitable state enterprise sector could also provide an alternative source of funds.

One key idea was to lighten the tax burden on labor . Taking into account the personal income tax and various social contributions, taxation of labor income in China is too high . To be sure, taxes are needed to finance social spending, but revenue sources other than taxes on labor income could do the job. China could usefully explore shifting part of the burden from labor toward property, capital gains, and inheritance taxes.