Each of these silk fibers exits from the spigot, and if you were to trace the fiber back into the spider, what you would find is that each spigot connects to its own individual silk gland. A silk gland kind of looks like a sac with a lot of silk proteins stuck inside.

International Rayon and Synthetic Fibres Committee

IRSFC International Rayon and Synthetic Fibres Committee .

Now I'm going to mark on the toughness values for nylon fiber, bombyx or domesticated silkworm silk wool, Kevlar, and carbon fibers.

Spider silk is almost entirely protein.

To give you an idea of what a spider silk protein looks like, this is a dragline silk protein, it's just a portion of it, from the black widow spider.

There are several features that all these silks have in common. They all have a common design, such as they're all very long they're sort of outlandishly long compared to other proteins.

To give you an idea of what a spider silk protein looks like, this is a dragline silk protein, it's just a portion of it, from the black widow spider.

So silk fibers vary in their strength and also their extensibility.

They produce six different types of silk, which is spun together into a fiber, tougher than any fiber humans have ever made.

You can see multiple fibers coming out of the spinnerets, because each spinneret has many spigots on it.

When you look at this orb web, you're actually seeing many types of silk fibers.

You can imagine that then maybe you can use a pure protein to guide light, and so we've made optical fibers.

The silk worm does a remarkable thing it uses these two ingredients, protein and water, that are in its gland, to make a material that is exceptionally tough for protection so comparable to technical fibers like Kevlar.

The frame and radii of this web is made up of one type of silk, while the capture spiral is a composite of two different silks the filament and the sticky droplet.

The mushrooms then are harvested, but very importantly, the mycelium has converted the cellulose into fungal sugars.

In fact, this flagelliform fiber can actually stretch over twice its original length.

So now we not only have a high fiber bread, but now fiber on top of fiber.

26. Coir mattresses and fibre export

It's short. And on the bottom, this is the repeat sequence for the egg case, or tubuliform silk protein, for the exact same spider. And you can see how dramatically different these silk proteins are so this is sort of the beauty of the diversification of the spider silk gene family.

So they're spinning these tiny nano fibers of pure cellulose.

Specifically, if you look on the vertical axis, that's stress. If you look at the maximum stress value for each of these fibers, you can see that there's a lot of variation, and in fact dragline, or major ampullate silk, is the strongest of these fibers.

And they're sticking together, forming layers and giving us a sheet on the surface.

6630 Multifibre arrangement (MFA)

What silk biologists do is we try to relate these sequences, these amino acid sequences, to the mechanical properties of the silk fibers.

In terms of daily diet, the food intake in off season is sure to be less than that during training, especially that the intake of carbohydrate is controlled while the intake of protein and fiber is increased appropriately.

Fabric Sheets

360x360dpi, fabric sheet

360 360dpi, fabric sheet

On the other hand, if you were to look at strain this is how much a fiber can be extended if you look at the maximum value here, again, there's a lot of variation and the clear winner is flagelliform, or the capture spiral filament.

Generating ethanol from cellulose using mycelium as an intermediary and you gain all the benefits that I've described to you already.

So there's versatility, as you see, in the material formats, that you can do with silk.

Face, an opal.

So the recipe is simple you take the silk solution, you pour it, and you wait for the protein to self assemble.

These are the two species of spiders for which the vast majority of time and money on synthetic spider silk research has been to replicate their dragline silk proteins.

Then I used fibers out of my jumper, which I held and stretched.

Over time, these tiny threads form in the liquid into layers and produce a mat on the surface.

MRI Tractography View

It might have caused a clot which became organised and fibrotic.

My Shiraito,

So in one dimensional systems this is a project called the self folding proteins.

No. But it could be a fibroma.

And those Post it notes involve this and other proteins of its class so called bromodomains.

At this point, it's really heavy.

50G rigid fibreboard large packagings