And the other part is on the inside where it sends signals into the cell.

Okay, so what is the daf 2 receptor telling the inside of the cell?

Until the only things that you have left are these cells here, the output cells, the ones that send the signals to the brain, but because of all that degeneration they aren't sending any signals anymore.

So, a solution to the problem, then, would be to build a device that could mimic the actions of that front end circuitry and send signals to the retina's output cells, and they can go back to doing their normal job of sending signals to the brain.

And if you record from several grid cells shown here in different colors each one has a grid like firing pattern across the environment, and each cell's grid like firing pattern is shifted slightly relative to the other cells.

Now grid cells are found, again, on the inputs to the hippocampus, and they're a bit like place cells.

They discovered that adult cells, taken from you and me, could be reprogrammed back into embryonic like cells, which they termed IPS cells, or induced pluripotent stem cells.

And place cells also get this kind of path integration input from a kind of cell called a grid cell.

We worked with a theme, which is, you've got macrophages that are streaming down a capillary, and they're touching the surface of the capillary wall, and they're picking up information from cells that are on the capillary wall, and they are given this information that there's an inflammation somewhere outside, where they can't see and sense.

And as it moves around, the electrical activity can pass from one of these cells to the next cell to keep track of where it is, so that it can use its own movements to know where it is in its environment.

A carcinogen is any substance or agent that causes abnormal growth of cells, which can also cause them to metastasize or spread.

These chains then progress and attach to the genetic material and pull the genetic material from one cell into two cells.

And what MyoD essentially does is, it causes cells to differentiate into muscle cells. So this compound, MyoD, has been tested on a lot of different cell types and been shown to actually convert this variety of cell types into skeletal muscle cells.

Because if you could find those, those would be some of the signals that could drive learning.

They receive input from thousands of upstream partners and compute their own electrical outputs, which then, if they pass a certain threshold, will go to thousands of downstream partners.

It carries male sex cells from one flower to another.

It broadcasts through chemical signals telling the rest of the cell when it's ready, when it feels that everything is aligned and ready to go for the separation of the chromosomes.

And that would be represented by the firing of boundary detecting cells.

So, I added these protocells together to the system, and protocell A and protocell B fused together to form a hybrid protocell AB.

For this fish, it's actually whole cells with nuclei and membranes.

So the one on the top likes to fire sort of midway between the walls of the box that their rat's in.

This is a normal cell. This is a cancer cell.

The observation that stem cells, as master cells, could give rise to a whole variety of different cell types heart cells, liver cells, pancreatic islet cells captured the attention of the media and the imagination of the public.

We then take the cells, the vascular cells, blood vessel cells, we perfuse the vascular tree with the patient's own cells.

There's a class of cells, a fairly small cell, an inhibitory cell, that quiets its neighbors.

I believe matter begets life life becomes single cells single cells become strings strings become chains chains network.

We're made of cells and stuff between cells.

And it signals to the rest of the brain by sending a little electrical spike.

In effect, the cancer cell was forgetting it was cancer and becoming a normal cell.

Fat derived stem cells are adult stem cells.

Cells?

And out in the cytoplasmic soup we have special proteins that are required for cell division that float freely in this soup in three dimensions.

But adult stem cells are not embryonic stem cells.

These are support cells astrocytes glia.

So for example, lets sort of consider that basket cell I told you about earlier the one that's atrophied in schizophrenia and the one that is inhibitory.

We then grow the cells outside the body, take the scaffold, coat the scaffold with the cells the patient's own cells, two different cell types.

120. All biosensors have two components an immobilized biological material, such as an enzyme, an antibody, or a whole cell, which is joined to a transducer or signal generating element.

And in that space station we have the genetic material, the chromosomes, within a nucleus.

Stem cells may be used to deliver growth factors to repair damaged heart muscle or be differentiated into heart muscle cells to restore heart function.

Or we can use cells alone, either your very own cells or different stem cell populations.

Liver cells, nerve cells, pancreatic cells we still can't grow them even today.

My body's an accumulation of ideas too the idea of skin cells, the idea of brain cells, the idea of liver cells.

A windpipe cell already knows it's a windpipe cell.

It shows you these cells that process information.

In order to preserve the human species, it would be preferable surely to use gene therapy with caution, restricting it to somatic cells (body cells excluding germ cells), to the exclusion of germ cells (i.e. the cells used for sexual reproduction).