Clustering and networking of economic activities takes place in industrial districts geographical concentrations of individual enterprises in related activities or networks of enterprises connected through business arrangements.

Networking within the Government as well as between the Government, business firms and civil society organizations ___________

To achieve competition, the network operator would have the obligation to provide its network to other enterprises.

In addition, it will facilitate access to credit for SMEs and promote enterprise networking within the region as well as exploring the possibility of interregional networking.

Business Groups Appeal to China Over Cybersecurity Law

A modern firm is a network of people with different expertise production, logistics, marketing, sales, accounting, human resource management, and so on. But the firm itself must be connected to a web of other firms its suppliers and customers through multi modal transportation and telecommunication networks.

However, monopolies or dominant operators often oppose the creation of IXPs.

As late as 1992, IBM was known to say you couldn't possibly build a corporate network using Internet Protocol.

It relies on an intensive networking process, involving private business networks and social and public networks, including academia.

Similarly, in March 2012, a consortium of large corporations led by IBM created the web based Supplier Connection to make it easier for small businesses to become suppliers to large companies. Currently, the members of Supplier Connection purchase more than 150 billion in goods and services annually through their global supply chains.

Whether networks of companies scattered throughout the world, of advocates, or of market oriented, ideological or ethnic groups, international relations increasingly comprise individual relations.

Firms need to construct global innovation networks to coordinate the dispersed and disintegrated innovation value chain.

Small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) may decide to join efforts to promote their products on the Internet.

During the course of the second cooperation framework, the Special Unit drew lessons from a network of SMEs in Asia, the Asian Network for Industrial Information and Extension (TECHNONET ASIA) to establish a similar network in Africa, known as TECHNONET AFRICA.

31. UNCTAD also promotes trade through its Global Trade Point Network, which is a tool for the integration of SMEs into the global economy.

Studies of African and other countries show that inter firm or market networks have helped to provide business support services highly valued by SMEs.

Regarding the proportion of businesses with a website, 58 per cent of businesses in the European Union have them.

The developmental centres form a network which is coordinated by the Enterprise Estonia Foundation.

Strengthening network operations

The Ministry of Trade and Industry reckons that a network of FTAs can be designed to support the business community in moving up the value add ladder and knowledge chain.

Networking allows SMEs to combine the flexibility of small scale businesses with advantages of large firm groups, such as economies of scale.

As in the case of Internet access, the prevalence of websites is higher the larger the enterprise 53 per cent of small companies, 76 per cent of medium sized companies and 89 per cent of large companies.

The Māori Women s Development Fund and the Women in Self Employment Network provided financial and peer support to women entrepreneurs.

The importance of the role of the state in creating an effective enabling environment and in facilitating an enterprise culture, market networks conducive to entrepreneurship, innovation, and inter firm cooperation, both internally and internationally.

The importance of the role of the State in creating an effective enabling environment and in facilitating an enterprise culture, market networks conducive to entrepreneurship, innovation, and inter firm cooperation, both internally and internationally.

Initial networking activities that have been launched by the Special Unit between TECHNONET ASIA and TECHNONET AFRICA, with the involvement of small and medium scale enterprises in the two regions, will be expanded through Internet based interactions between such enterprises in the regions of the Arab States, Latin America and the Caribbean, and Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States.

Another regional initiative is the Sustainable Agriculture Networking and Extension (SANE).

By clustering academics, researchers and entrepreneurs, technology parks can facilitate the development of productive networks.

In countries where such access is still difficult, local enterprises can access produce Web based information by using the UNCTAD Internet Incubator facilities.

The proportion of businesses with an intranet is also a core indicator owing to the importance of such networks in e business.

This year, 6 private enterprises are connecting people in Lebanon to the Internet using their own each stations to establish the communication link with the satellites.

Emphasis will be placed on entrepreneurship development (with special focus on rural and women's entrepreneurship), the development of horizontal and vertical SME networks for ensuring job creation and income generation, and the strengthening of agro based and agro related industries.

60. Support programmes should be designed to help promote inter firm linkages among SMEs and between them and larger firms so as to improve skills, business information and production, marketing and sales opportunities of SMEs through inter firm and market networks.

The strategy will focus on strengthening the technical capacity of the countries of the region to implement and manage sustainable public policies that reconcile growth, the protection of the natural resource endowment and social equity with the sustainable use of natural resources.

In some industrialized countries, local networks of businesses, known as corporate volunteer councils, have been formed to share effective practices and address community needs through workplace volunteering.

37. Expected results and success criteria. The expected results are a dynamic network of women entrepreneurial groups structured business skills development training modules and formal channels through which women entrepreneurs can access global markets.

This may require, among other things, establishing a subcontracting exchange or a network facilitator and having the SME development agency work closely with the investment promotion agency with regard to inter firm linkages with foreign firms.

D. Size of enterprises, networking and clustering

The services provided under this module will also focus on strengthening institutional structures for the provision of business information services, such as SME information systems and web based products.

A solution might involve strengthening SME capacity to integrate into production and distribution networks and to establish mutually beneficial alliances with other SMEs in developing countries.

Local and national networks were an important aspect of the Compact, since they could make it easier for small and medium sized enterprises and their partners to become good corporate citizens.

Networks of private businesses clusters and linkages

The Africa Asia small and medium scale enterprise network supports the transfer and sharing of best practices in the promotion of small and medium scale enterprises policy and institutional reforms as well as capacity development to promote trade and investment.

(a) The development of business improvement tools and services to meet the collective needs of small and medium sized enterprises will be intensified using the ITC product network approach, and their delivery is expected to increase considerably.

By forming networks of trade oriented SMEs or export consortia, often within existing broader clusters of SMEs, joint actions were promoted to enhance their export competitiveness.