She suspected the difference had to do with the mice's gut microbiomes the community of bacteria, viruses and fungi that normally live within the gastrointestinal tract.

You look in his intestines. There are billions of bacteria.

And in the case of the flora in our gut, these cells may not even be human.

Mice reared in a sterile environment so they lacked a gut microbiome and do not develop this kind of immune cell were given L. reuteri and the immune cells arose.

Professor Colonna said 'We established a link between one bacterial species Lactobacillus reuteri that is a normal part of the gut microbiome, and the development of a population of cells that promote tolerance.

And we know staph can do amazing things.

We heard that bacteria eat oil?

And for this reason, many people eat probiotic yogurt so they can promote a healthy gut flora.

And along comes pneumococcus or another bacteria, streptococcus and boom, they get a bacterial pneumonia.

Is it bigger than the biggest bacterium? We don't know.

They either pop the bacterial membrane, they make the bacterium so it can't replicate its DNA.

A virus grabbed onto a bacterium and it slipped its DNA into it.

The most frequent diseases in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2001 were influenza, enterocolitis, varicellae, scabies and angina streptococci, which made up 90 per cent of the total number of registered infectious diseases.

And so, the question for my lab is whether you want to think about all the good things that bacteria do, or all the bad things that bacteria do.

What happens is that bacteria are able to count how many of me and how many of you.

These vibrios, these bacteria, can actually infect people.

It's harmful because it produces a toxin, and that toxin is released when the organism gets into our intestinal tract.

Already what were thought to be bacteria for generations have been found to compose, instead, two great domains of microorganisms true bacteria and one celled organisms the archaea, which are closer than other bacteria to the eukaryota, the group that we belong to.

This is now supposed to be my bacterial cell.

This is the bacterial Esperanto.

Because the bacteria we was had no idea of what we are today.

But what a lot of people don't know is that viruses can also make bacteria sick.

Those fungi and bacteria are as highly evolved as humans.

Dr Cervantes Barragan explained people have the same tolerance promoting cells as mice, and most of us shelter L. reuteri in our gastrointestinal tracts.

In previous years, microbiological inspections detected most often contaminants as follows increased total or aerobic mesophyllic bacteria, E. coli and faecal streptococcus, while chemical analyses detected organic contents, ammonia, nitrate, nitrite, iron, and other toxic matters (disinfection processes by products).

And so we started to think if this really is about communication in bacteria, and it's about counting your neighbors, it's not enough to be able to only talk within your species.

Dr Noah's bacillus? Now, Jimmy, even you wouldn't release germ warfare.

Carole Lartigue led the effort to actually transplant a bacterial chromosome from one bacteria to another.

You will never annihilate the germs.

A piece of paper crawling with germs.

Our first task was a 5,000 letter code bacteriophage, a virus that attacks only E. coli.

We couldn't have a germ theory of disease before we invented the microscope to see them.

What was actually interesting to us was not that the bacteria made light, but when the bacteria made light.

We should have known that this existed because this is the only bacteria that you can see to the naked eye.

To take an example close to home there are over 500 species of bacteria now known friendly bacteria living symbiotically in your mouth and throat probably necessary to your health for holding off pathogenic bacteria.

And, after an initial cost of 60 bucks to buy the bacteria, which you'll never have to pay again, one cubic meter of bacterial sand would be about 11 dollars.

So replacing the bacteria DNA with virus DNA turns the bacteria into a factory for making viruses that is, until it's so filled with viruses that it bursts.

It's different when a bacteria comes into the body that's a foreign object we want that out.

Without water, the bacteria won't survive.

But it's not bacterial pneumonia.

And the focus when I'm talking about the diarrheal organisms, as well as the focus when I'm talking about any organisms that cause acute infectious disease, is to think about the problem from a germ's point of view, germ's eye view.

And when the molecule hits a certain amount that tells the bacteria how many neighbors there are, they recognize that molecule and all of the bacteria turn on light in synchrony.

And what you're looking at with this namibiensis is the biggest bacteria we've ever seen.

Here, this cloaked, secret agent virus is slipping his DNA into the bacterial cell, but here's the kicker It doesn't do anything harmful not at first.

In 48 hours to 72 hours, these three mushroom species reduced the amount of coliform bacteria 10,000 times.