Leatherbacks and tuataras are echoes from that era.

This is actually a picture of a salamander.

This is actually a limb injury in this salamander.

So, salamanders can do it.

I didn't show you my lizard.

I saw a gila monster crawl under it.

Okay, I'm a liar. There isn't a gila monster under there.

Salamanders have this amazing capacity to regenerate.

I've been trying to sleep, but it's a little difficult with all those lizards all over the ceiling.

The same is true when we looked at this lizard running on fluidized sand.

'These are they which are unclean to you among the creeping things that creep on the earth the weasel, the rat, any kind of great lizard,

'These are they which are unclean to you among the creeping things that creep on the earth the weasel, the rat, any kind of great lizard,

These also shall be unclean unto you among the creeping things that creep upon the earth the weasel, and the mouse, and the tortoise after his kind,

These also shall be unclean unto you among the creeping things that creep upon the earth the weasel, and the mouse, and the tortoise after his kind,

That's an 18 inch long skull of an animal that was probably seven or eight feet, sprawled like a lizard, probably had a head like a lion.

This is not different from what my former undergraduate discovered when she figured out how lizards can run on water itself.

There's no dinosaurs yet just this slow, saurian, scaly, nasty, swampy place with a couple of tiny mammals hiding in the fringes.

I studied marine iguanas at that point.

Now, as a politician myself, standing in front of you, or indeed, meeting any stranger anywhere in the world, when I eventually reveal the nature of my profession, they look at me as though I'm somewhere between a snake, a monkey and an iguana, and through all of this, I feel, strongly, that something is going wrong.

So it's a real desert for not only for the penguins and the sea lions and the marine iguanas ...

Brain magic. What's brain magic all about?

The new brain is actually kind of easier than the old brain.

Some people say, brains can't understand brains.

So the outer part of that brain is the neocortex.

And after all, we are our brains. My brain is talking to your brain.

You're more complicated than your brain. You've got a brain.

So I picked a Camarasaurus, because the Camarasaurus was the most abundant of the sauropods in North America.

This is not a real brain. This is a picture of one, a line drawing.

They have the same brain, and the same EEG.

Kim Gorgens Protecting the brain against concussion

Neocortex means new layer. It is a new layer on top of your brain.

The big brain integrates signals, which come from the running programs of the lower brain, But subsumption means that the higher brain can interfere with the lower.

There is the brain stem in between the cerebral cortex and the spinal cord.

Now in this early period of plasticity the brain actually changes outside of a learning context.

And so as the sensory input comes in and feeds from the old brain, it also goes up into the neocortex. And the neocortex is just memorizing.

Rebuilding the Brain

Think of the big brain.

So enormous excavations and a lot of work, and out of essentially a partial herd of dinosaurs that you saw buried there 20 tons of material we erect Jobaria, a sauropod dinosaur like we haven't seen on some other continents.

Now wait a minute, you may say, how can you go straight to controlling the brain without understanding it first?

And our brains our celebrated brains reflect a drainage of a tidal marsh.

And the brain started to fold in on itself, and that's why the neocortex is so highly convoluted.

And that's another way of saying the brain has strategies that define the significance of the input to the brain.

Gero Miesenboeck reengineers a brain

Here's my brain.

He's seeing his own brain.