The Committee had focused on exposures from natural sources of radiation, exposures from man made sources of radiation, medical radiation exposures, the production and use of radio isotopes, nuclear power production, occupational radiation exposures, nuclear weapons testing and accidents.

Such radiation sources are developed for use in terrestrial conditions and, depending on the construction of a spacecraft and the location of the sources on board, they could break up in the event of an accident to a rocket system or spacecraft.

Integral Radiation Environment Monitor

(k) Produce radiation and radioactive fall out

Exposure to radiation occurs from sources such as nuclear electricity generation past weapons tests natural background radiation accidents such as the one at Chernobyl in 1986 occupations that entail enhanced exposure to man made or naturally occurring sources and medical diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.

CRE (Cosmic Ray Experiment) particle radiation detector.

Moreover, having such sources on board a spacecraft could cause significant levels of ionizing radiation around the spacecraft and make terrestrial servicing operations for spacecraft and carrier rockets more difficult.

Co operative Radiological Instrument Transfer Project (CRITP) The delivery of training for radiation detection instrumentation.

It doesn't radiate.

At the same time, in the event of a spacecraft with such radiation sources falling onto an inhabited part of the Earth's surface, following a rocket system failure, search and recovery of such sources are essential.

Radiosity

radiosity

And sitting next to that water in the cores was this little Deinococcus radiodurans, doing a backstroke, having its chromosomes blown apart every day, six, seven times, restitching them, living in about 200 times the radiation that would kill you.

Monitoring of the radiation status of the environment and ensuring radiation safety

54. Epidemiological studies of the world s population living in high level natural radiation areas were very useful for radiation risk estimations in the context of occupational exposures.

State medical supervision gives particular attention to the radiation protection of the population living in radiation contaminated areas and to organizing the provision of a complete, free and balanced diet for affected children.

Radiation has in most areas receded to natural background levels, and the vast majority of the population need not live in fear of serious health consequences due to radiation released during the accident.

By radiological terrorism, the Team means the use of radiological dispersal devices or other methods of using radiological substances in connection with a terrorist attack.

FBiH Law on Protection from Ionising Radiation and Radiation Safety

Treaties now ban tests of weapons in the atmosphere, but the global exposure of populations from natural or medical sources continues to be considerably larger than that caused by fallout from weapons testing, even at its peak during the mid 1960s.

Experiments concerning examination of energetic particles and radiation from solar flares, localization of sources of intense transient emissions of gamma ray radiation, monitoring of galactic and extragalactic X ray diffuse background and examination of energetic neutral atoms in radiation belts (in cooperation with Italy) would be conducted on board.

This law established an administrative unit for protection from ionizing radiation and radiation security within the Federal Ministry of Health, as well as the centre for protection from ionizing radiation, which is based with the Public Health Office.

4. The Committee also evaluates current concepts regarding the mechanisms of radiation cancerogenesis, influence of radiation dose and dose rate on stochastic effects, hereditary effects of radiation, medical consequences of exposure to radiation of the developing human brain and late deterministic effects in children.

The Law on Protection of Ionizing Radiation and Radiation Security was adopted in 1999.

At the time of its formation, nuclear weapons were being tested in the atmosphere and radioactive debris was being dispersed throughout the environment.

Radial Blur

Ionizing radiation

Radial Gradient

It's radioactive?

Further understanding of the mechanisms of cellular damage caused by and of cellular responses to ionizing radiation and the biological effects in organisms will provide a sounder basis for determining the risks of radiation exposure.

The Committee s comprehensive scientific reports on sources and effects of ionizing radiation have become one of the more significant and important guides for those who are working in the field of radiation protection, radiobiology, radiation medicine and epidemiology.

The primary aim of WHO in the field of radiation protection is to improve radiation protection services at national and international levels.

The Law on protection from ionizing radiation and radiation related security,

(g) Fluorescence assessment of the effect of radiation on the fluorescent properties of yeast cells in space and study of the possibility of using yeast cells as biological sensors to detect DNA deterioration caused by radiation.

R 400 Radiometer the R 400 Radiometer remote sensing system was also launched with the Priroda module in April 1996 and is currently in operation on board the Mir Space Station.

A chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear defence unit is being organized within the Army Corps of Engineers to carry out defence, protection and decontamination in the event of either terrorist acts using weapons of mass destruction or serious chemical accidents, where the normal systems for responding to such emergencies may be overwhelmed.

This is derived from an organism, deinococcus radiodurans, that can take three million rads of radiation and not be killed.

They are both equipped with several microwave sensors as well as an optical radiometer.

The Scientific Committee had also evaluated other releases of radioactive materials to the environment such as those from nuclear fuel cycle installations or from accidents, such as the one at Chernobyl, and it also reviewed radiation doses from the natural background radiation, medical radiation exposures and occupational exposures.

So if we're somewhere in the Northern Hemisphere, look at what's happening to the ultraviolet radiation.

20. The Committee has paid major attention to the primary late effects of exposure of a population to ionizing radiation.

The only known attempt at radiological terrorism took place in Moscow in 1995, when a barrel containing radioactive elements was discovered, reportedly placed by Chechen rebels.

New sources emitting radiation in the annihilation gamma line of positrons have also been discovered.

World Radiation Center

Mr. Mohideen (India) said that the work of the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation had immense implications for the health of thousands of occupational workers, people undergoing radiation based medical procedures, people living in areas of the world with high natural background radiation and the general public, and for the protection of the environment.