Consider the fungi including mushrooms, rusts, molds and many disease causing organisms.

And so both sides were progressing, but part of the synthesis had to be accomplished or was able to be accomplished using yeast, putting the fragments in yeast and yeast would assemble these for us.

So our team developed new techniques for actually growing, cloning entire bacterial chromosomes in yeast.

I'm essentially using a kombucha recipe, which is a symbiotic mix of bacteria, yeasts and other micro organisms, which spin cellulose in a fermentation process.

Everything is covered in invisible ecosystems made of tiny lifeforms bacteria, viruses and fungi.

And once we had done that, now we can take naked DNA out of yeast and transplant it.

So in addition to doing the transplant, we had to find out how to get a bacterial chromosome out of the eukaryotic yeast into a form where we could transplant it into a recipient cell.

So what we found is if we took the chromosome out of yeast and methylated it, we could then transplant it.

Here you see a typical cucumber leaf that turned actually from green to black because of a black fungus, sooty mold, which is covering it.

At the end of 1987, the scope of the biological weapons work was further expanded and research into additional bacterial agents, such as Clostridium perfringens and fungal toxins, such as trichothecene mycotoxins, was carried out.

And we thought this would be a great test bed for learning how to get chromosomes out of yeast and transplant them.

These vibrios, these bacteria, can actually infect people.

Those fungi and bacteria are as highly evolved as humans.

One of the interesting things about these particular guys is that they're in the actinomycete and streptomycete groups of the bacteria, which is where we get most of our antibiotics.

And along comes pneumococcus or another bacteria, streptococcus and boom, they get a bacterial pneumonia.

It's an amazing step forward, but we had a problem because now we had the bacterial chromosomes growing in yeast.

This is a really odd one. This is Ferroplasma.

So we took the same mycoides genome that Carole had initially transplanted, and we grew that in yeast as an artificial chromosome.

So, fungi and mycelium sequester carbon dioxide in the form of calcium oxalates.

When we did these experiments, though, we could get the chromosome out of yeast but it wouldn't transplant and boot up a cell.

I want to present to you a suite of six mycological solutions, using fungi, and these solutions are based on mycelium.

And we know staph can do amazing things.

Because farming takes place outdoors and in dirt, such contamination is a fact of life. Over the centuries, the main culprit in mass food poisoning often has been contamination of unprocessed crops by fungal toxins a risk that is exacerbated when insects attack food crops, opening wounds that allow fungi (molds) to get a foothold.

Every year, innumerable packaged food products worldwide are withheld or recalled from the market due to the presence of all natural contaminants like insect parts, toxic molds, bacteria, and viruses. Because farming takes place outdoors and in dirt, such contamination is a fact of life.

Fungi don't like to rot from bacteria, and so our best antibiotics come from fungi.

I actually chased the mycelium, when it stopped producing spores.

Dr Noah's bacillus? Now, Jimmy, even you wouldn't release germ warfare.

We're here today to announce the first synthetic cell, a cell made by starting with the digital code in the computer, building the chromosome from four bottles of chemicals, assembling that chromosome in yeast, transplanting it into a recipient bacterial cell and transforming that cell into a new bacterial species.

A dwarf. A dwarf and a toadstool.

And the focus when I'm talking about the diarrheal organisms, as well as the focus when I'm talking about any organisms that cause acute infectious disease, is to think about the problem from a germ's point of view, germ's eye view.

The mycelium absorbs the oil.

And so, as I was thinking about this, I focused on this organism, which is the El Tor biotype of the organism called Vibrio cholerae.

The Life Box you're gonna be getting a DVD of the TED conference you add soil, you add water, you have mycorrhizal and endophytic fungi as well as spores, like of the Agarikon mushroom.

I became interested in entomopathogenic fungi fungi that kill insects.

And what you're looking at with this namibiensis is the biggest bacteria we've ever seen.

A virus grabbed onto a bacterium and it slipped its DNA into it.

मह स क रमण क दमन करन

What?

You're just a fungus!

They got the organism to evolve to mildness, and they got no development of antibiotic resistance.

We couldn't have a germ theory of disease before we invented the microscope to see them.

We have now discovered that there is a multi directional transfer of nutrients between plants, mitigated by the mcyelium so the mycelium is the mother that is giving nutrients from alder and birch trees to hemlocks, cedars and Douglas firs.

Those organisms that paired with fungi were rewarded, because fungi do not need light.

What happens is that bacteria are able to count how many of me and how many of you.

The main characters in the story are bacteria and viruses.