Monitoring of retailers could also be of value.

In Europe, for example, on line retailing accounts for 2 per cent of total grocery sales, but it is growing by 50 per cent annually.

Foreign sales represent a significant share in total sales of the main European retailers.

However, with a growth rate significantly higher than for total retail trade, the share of e commerce in total retail trade is also growing.

Total retail sales are approaching the 2.0 billion level, having reached 1.8 billion in 1996.

In the case of Colombia, for example in 1995 small retail establishments accounted for approximately 47 per cent of total retail sales, down from more than 75 per cent in 1985.

Due to the recent restructuring of retail activities, supermarkets saw their share rise from 20 per cent of total national food retailing in 1990 to 50 60 per cent of total turnover in 2002.

Online sales are less common in retail trade (B2C) or in services' industries, with sales accounting for only 1.7 and 1 per cent of total sales, respectively.

The retail sector includes two main types of retailers store and non store retailers.

Producers are also engaging in direct sales to consumers through on line retailing, bypassing retailers.

Despite a broadband penetration rate of only 30 , e tail commanded 5 6 of total retail sales in China in 2012, on par with the US. And the sector is already profitable Chinese e tailers are logging margins of 8 10 of earnings before interest, taxes, and amortization, which is slightly larger than the average margin for physical retailers.

Retail trade 353

In 2002, for example, China's retail market was worth 4,000 billion, larger than all non Japan Asian countries combined, and represented 5 per cent of worldwide retail sales.

The top 100 retailers (see table 3) account for 25 per cent of worldwide retailing sales.

Retail fuel dealers

Wholesale and retail trade

27. Retail and wholesale

The Euro Retailer Produce Working Group (EUREP) is a European based trade organization for retailers.

Could Jack Ma s new retail be more of a conclusion rather than a forecast for the future?

Retail sales in the Russian Federation totalled 194.6 billion in 2004, with the distribution sector's contribution to GDP amounting to 22 per cent.

Growing use by retailers of own brands and discount retailing have also been driving prices down significantly.

With 15 million retail outlets, India has the highest retail outlet density in the world.

Wholesale and retail petrol

Retail trade and repair services

Significantly broaden distribution via retail and the Internet.

The distribution sector includes commission agents, wholesalers and retailers who act as enablers of trade.

The informal retailing sector will have a role to play once markets are opened and formal retailing expands.

This comprised 13.6 of total retail sales of consumer goods, up nearly 3 percentage points year on year.

In total, stock of Asian investment in the retail trade in the United States in 2002 stood at US 3 billion in retail trade.

In particular, online retail sales of physical goods amounted to approximately RMB5.08 trillion, while online retail sales of services amounted to nearly RMB1.49 trillion.

Magical new retail

China s E Tail Revolution

On line retailing is still in its infancy and represents a minor share of total sales, but it is significant for selected products, such as books and computers.

The retail sector is characterized by economies of scale and scope as well as vertical integration and the existence of large retail chains.

Retailers are able to access and tap different cost structures in different countries and are becoming global.

Informal retailers could become the suppliers or the customers of formal retailers, or their franchises.

The process of opening the retail sector in China began in 1992 when foreign investment was allowed in retailing on a trial basis.

Retailers are distributors selling to end consumers.

Some products enter the market through wholesalers who in turn distribute the products to a variety of retailers, while in other cases the producer sells directly to the retailer.

The fresh food supermarket war has escalated, and have become a phenomenal topic in the new retail sector. Just what is new in new retail?

Distribution services in Colombia contribute 4.5 per cent of GDP, of which retailing accounts for 1.5 per cent.

Wholesale and retail trade

Wholesale and retail trade, restaurants and hotels

China s e tail market is the world s second largest (after that of the United States), with an estimated 210 billion in revenue last year. Since 2003, the market has posted a compound annual growth rate of over 110 .

In Chile, for example, the top four chains already represent 46 per cent of total national grocery retailing, and in Latin America as a whole, on average the top five chains represent 65 per cent of total sales.