The retail sector is characterized by economies of scale and scope as well as vertical integration and the existence of large retail chains.

The process of opening the retail sector in China began in 1992 when foreign investment was allowed in retailing on a trial basis.

(4)financial assets available for sale.

The retail sector includes two main types of retailers store and non store retailers.

Producers are also engaging in direct sales to consumers through on line retailing, bypassing retailers.

Retail trade 353

The top 100 retailers (see table 3) account for 25 per cent of worldwide retailing sales.

(5) As regards available for sale financial assets, it is required to separately list the beginning and ending fair value of available for sale bonds, available for sale equity instruments and other available for sale financial assets.

Retail fuel dealers

Wholesale and retail trade

27. Retail and wholesale

Retailers have integrated backwards into wholesale operations, and producers have integrated forward, performing wholesale functions by distributing their products directly to retailers.

Article 18The sellable financial assets refers to the non derivative financial assets which are designated as sellable when they are initially recognized as well as the financial assets other than those as described below

(1)the non derivative financial assets which are to be sold immediately or in the near future

The Euro Retailer Produce Working Group (EUREP) is a European based trade organization for retailers.

If investors understand that online distribution is revolutionizing the retail sector, isolating the sector s CEOs from financial markets would just push more resources into a deteriorating, shrinking business model. In this sense (and only this sense), short term thinking that induces change and movement away from obsolete technology here and throughout the economy may well facilitate long term prosperity.

Growing use by retailers of own brands and discount retailing have also been driving prices down significantly.

With 15 million retail outlets, India has the highest retail outlet density in the world.

Wholesale and retail petrol

Retail trade and repair services

Significantly broaden distribution via retail and the Internet.

The distribution sector includes commission agents, wholesalers and retailers who act as enablers of trade.

The informal retailing sector will have a role to play once markets are opened and formal retailing expands.

FDI facilitates the switch from informal to formal retailing.

In particular, online retail sales of physical goods amounted to approximately RMB5.08 trillion, while online retail sales of services amounted to nearly RMB1.49 trillion.

In Europe, for example, on line retailing accounts for 2 per cent of total grocery sales, but it is growing by 50 per cent annually.

Magical new retail

China s E Tail Revolution

In most countries, the retail sector has typically developed in three stages first, local or regional players dominate, before a smaller number of national companies takes over, with e tailers ultimately challenging traditional businesses. But China lacks national leaders, with the top five Chinese retailers in different product categories commanding less than 20 of the market, compared to up to 60 in the US.

Retailers are able to access and tap different cost structures in different countries and are becoming global.

Informal retailers could become the suppliers or the customers of formal retailers, or their franchises.

Retailers are distributors selling to end consumers.

Indeed, the Indian government s decision to welcome foreign retailers coincided with French retailer Carrefour s announcement that it will shut down its substantial operations in Singapore by the end of this year. Meanwhile, its British counterpart, Tesco, is shifting away from the large hypermarket format and investing heavily in online systems.

Foreign sales represent a significant share in total sales of the main European retailers.

Some products enter the market through wholesalers who in turn distribute the products to a variety of retailers, while in other cases the producer sells directly to the retailer.

The fresh food supermarket war has escalated, and have become a phenomenal topic in the new retail sector. Just what is new in new retail?

In total, stock of Asian investment in the retail trade in the United States in 2002 stood at US 3 billion in retail trade.

Wholesale and retail trade

Wholesale and retail trade, restaurants and hotels

Despite a broadband penetration rate of only 30 , e tail commanded 5 6 of total retail sales in China in 2012, on par with the US. And the sector is already profitable Chinese e tailers are logging margins of 8 10 of earnings before interest, taxes, and amortization, which is slightly larger than the average margin for physical retailers.

In the case of Colombia, for example in 1995 small retail establishments accounted for approximately 47 per cent of total retail sales, down from more than 75 per cent in 1985.

Recent monthly figures suggest a pick up in retail sales. But, because the official statistics capture mostly sales by larger retailers and exclude the fall in sales by hundreds of thousands of smaller stores and businesses that have failed, consumption looks better than it really is.

So what is new retail exactly?

(d) Importation wholesale and retail businesses (foreign country).

The publishing, merchandising, and sale of the series have allowed those projects to become viable and independent.