Treaty of Versailles, art. 289 (28 June 1919), reprinted in 13 American Journal of International Law 151 (Supp. 1919).

H. Ihlen Declaration of 22 July 1919

112 British and Foreign State Papers (1919).

It shows leverage, trended out from 1919 to 2009.

Now, this idea was tested in 1919 through astronomical observations.

Convention on employment of women before and after birth number 3 from the year 1919

Obvious examples of such conventions are the International Air Navigation Convention of 1919 and various postal and telegraphic conventions.

Verzijl, supra note 6, at 385 (citing Court of Appeal of Saloniki, Case No. 272, AD 1919 1922).

Professors Daillier and Pellet adopt the position that the peace treaties of 1919 and 1947 confirm the principle of abrogation in the case of bilateral treaties.

In the year 1919, a virtually unknown German mathematician, named Theodor Kaluza suggested a very bold and, in some ways, a very bizarre idea.

Verzijl, supra note 6, at 388 89 (citing AD 1919 1942, Suppl. vol., Case No. 133 Gevato v. Deutsche Bank, ILR 1952 No. 13 (18 January 1952)).

Decision of 20 October 1922 (AD 1919 1922, Case No. 169) and decision of 23 May 1923 (AD 1925 1926, Case No. 331) (cited in Verzijl, supra note 6, at 382 83).

(d) A separate strand in the doctrine is related to the datum that since 1919, and especially since the appearance of the Charter of the United Nations, States no longer possess a general competence to resort to the use of force, except in case of legitimate defence.

Well, a man named Hausdorff in 1919 introduced a number which was just a mathematical joke, and I found that this number was a good measurement of roughness.

Raising consciousness of women in Bosnia and Herzegovina has its historical context starting with 1919 when the first feminist, apolitical association has been formed inspired by similar associations, called Association for education of women and protection of their rights .

In August 1919, British Foreign Minister Arthur Balfour summarized the essence of the problem that is now confronting policymakers. The unhappy truth, he wrote, is that France, England, and America have got themselves so inextricably confused that no satisfactory answer is now possible.

That is why the work of the International Labor Organization, which was established in 1919, is still relevant today. In a world of increasingly automated workplaces and eroding employee employer relationships, the values encoded in the ILO s labor standards are more necessary than ever.

To answer that question, we should consider not just the 1815 Treaty of Vienna, but also the 1648 Peace of Westphalia and the 1919 Treaty of Versailles, each of which in its own way brought to an end a bloody chapter in European history.

In 1919, Keynes produced a grand plan for comprehensive debt cancellation, plus a new bond issue, guaranteed by the Allied powers, whose proceeds would go to victors and vanquished alike. The Americans, who would have had to provide most of the money, vetoed the plan.

The examples of such treaties include the Convention Instituting the Statute of Navigation of the Elbe (1922), the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles relating to the Kiel Canal (1919), the Convention regarding the Regime of the Straits (Montreux) (1936), the Panama Canal Treaty (1977) and the Treaty concerning the Permanent Neutrality and Operation of the Panama Canal (1977).

Some of these acts are clearly unilateral, such as the Russian Federation's protests and the French statements on the nuclear tests, while others might be considered differently, such as the Colombian Government's note of 22 November 1952 and the oral statement made by the Minister for Foreign Affairs of Norway on 22 July 1919, which may have elements more closely related to the conventional framework.

Ever since Bretton Woods, the US has had the power of global leadership. During the interwar period (1919 1939), Americans were unprepared to assume that mantle but World War II taught them the cost of isolationism, and they rose to the challenge in 1944.

Other catastrophic risks include natural epidemics (the 1918 1919 Spanish influenza killed between 20 million and 40 million people), nuclear or biological attacks by terrorists, certain types of lab accidents, and abrupt global warming. The probability of catastrophes, whether intentional or not, resulting from human activity appears to be increasing because of the rapidity and direction of technological advances.

In 1919, John Maynard Keynes told the statesmen of post World War I Europe to abandon their vindictive patriotism for the sake of building a future of peace based on European integration. Alas, it took another world war to convince European leaders of the validity of Keynes s approach.

Of course, the inspiration for almost every political reform movement in China is the May 4th Movement of 1919, when Chinese students protested against a weak and corrupt government and called for China to strengthen itself by adopting two key Western ideals democracy and science. As the 90th anniversary approaches, China has made great strides in science, but still has a long way to go in terms of democracy.

Chinkin notes, however, that the Court's strong language may have been influenced by the fact that the Treaty of Versailles specifically declared the Canal free and open to the vessels of commerce and of war of all nations at peace with Germany on terms of entire equality. Ibid. (citing Treaty of Peace with Germany (Treaty of Versailles), 28 June 1919, 2 Bevans 43, 225 Parry's TS 188, art.

It goes back a century, to President Woodrow Wilson s inability in 1919 to persuade a myopically isolationist Congress to approve the League of Nations. Since then, Congress has rejected the International Trade Organization (1948), the SALT II nuclear agreement (1979), and the Kyoto Protocol (1997), among others.

In the years 1917 to 1919, US participation in World War I and anarchist bombings after the war led to almost two thousand federal prosecutions, mass roundups of aliens, and summary deportations. During World War II, Japan s attack on the US was followed by the internment of more than 120,000 Japanese Americans because of their race, including many who were born in the US.

Britain s transformation from international creditor to international debtor during the Great War gave the dollar a second wind in its battle with sterling. The British were forced to abandon gold convertibility in April 1919 a tactical withdrawal intended to pave the way for Britain s return to the former 4.8665 parity with the American dollar.

It is easy to forget that, years ago, telephones had no buttons or dial you had to pick up the handset and ask an operator to make the connection. The telephone dial didn t appear until 1919, when the first group of self designated user interface scientists at Western Electric considered what the most intuitive form should be.

CAMBRIDGE When men have realized that time has upset many fighting faiths, US Supreme Court Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes wrote in a famous dissenting opinion in 1919, they may come to believe that the ultimate good desired is better reached by free trade in ideas that the best test of truth is the power of the thought to get itself accepted in the competition of the market, and that truth is the only ground upon which their wishes safely can be carried out.

Adolf Hitler used the principle to undermine fragile states in the 1930 s. Today, with less than 10 of the world s states being homogeneous, treating self determination as a primary moral principle could have disastrous consequences in many regions.

After the first trans Atlantic cable in 1868, Europe and America could communicate in a minute. In 1919, the economist John Maynard Keynes described the possibility of an Englishman in London using a telephone to order goods from around the world to be delivered to his house by the afternoon.

The French, as Fromkin reminds us, shrank Syria, so that they could control it, rewarding their Christian allies by swelling the borders of Mount Lebanon with the Bekaa valley, the Mediterranean ports of Tyre, Sidon, Beirut and Tripoli, and land north of Palestine. Thousands of Muslims suddenly belonged to a state dominated by Christians.