European firms will continue to be at a competitive disadvantage relative to American firms, which bear no cost for their emissions.

A second variant will take three additional parameters that define the cost of insert, replace and delete operations. This is more general and adaptive than variant one, but not as efficient.

18 Hamilton, M., Curtis, R. and M. Travis, Cost earning study of the Hawaii based domestic longline fleet, unpublished paper, SOEST 96 03, JIMAR Contribution 96 300, Pelagic Fisheries Research Program, Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, 1996, p. 5 and 8 and Crowder, L. and R. Myers, p. 14