Representation made by the Authentic Workers' Front (FAT), concerning Mexico

In January 2005, dozens of extrajudicial executions of Hema men and children by militia of the Front de nationalistes intégrationnistes (FNI) were reported.

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In France, for example, many supporters of the National Front voted communist 30 years ago. And, indeed, the National Front s economic program is rather similar to that of the Left Front (an electoral bloc comprising the French Communist Party and the Left Party).

Populist anti euro parties of the right and the left are challenging Italian Prime Minister Matteo Renzi. And Marine Le Pen of the far right National Front is polling well ahead of the 2017 French presidential election.

Europe now seems to be headed down a similar path, as non traditional parties many of them driven by single issues become increasingly influential. Movements like France s anti immigration National Front are making leading mainstream parties more likely to pander to extremists in order to preserve their support.

Thus, in France, Socialist President François Hollande channels Jean Baptiste Say, arguing that supply creates its own demand, while the far right National Front s Marine Le Pen gets to quote Paul Krugman and Joseph Stiglitz approvingly. No wonder that working class voters are turning to her party.

In 1992, with the Islamic Salvation Front poised to win Algeria s general election, the country s military staged a coup and immediately canceled the election s second round. In the subsequent eight year civil war, waged with appalling brutality by both sides, up to 200,000 people lost their lives.

Some, such as France s National Front, oppose their country s eurozone membership others, such as Podemos in Spain, do not. Nonetheless, the challenge that these new parties pose to Europe could prove to be extremely disruptive.

In Syria, where sizable chunks of territory are already under Islamist control and the pro Al Qaeda Al Nusra Front overshadows the US backed Free Syrian Army, the Obama administration is staring at the bitter harvest of its previous policy choices. Airstrikes now would merely make matters worse by undercutting the FSA s grassroots legitimacy and aiding Islamist forces.

German policymakers have discounted the rise of extremism in relatively small countries such as Hungary and Greece. But one wonders how they might respond to spectacular results for Marine Le Pen s National Front in next year s French regional elections or in the presidential election in 2017.

In France, the siren song of appeasement is becoming a national rallying cry, from the far right National Front to far left elements and among a growing number of mainstream politicians of all stripes. Indeed, the Kremlin has assiduously cultivated party secretariats across Europe.

From Beirut to Paris, the terrorists attacks are a deliberate effort to exacerbate tensions between communities. Marine Le Pen of France s far right National Front and others like her might as well be ISIS recruiting sergeants.

In August 2011, President Benigno Aquino III of the Philippines and Chairman Murad Ebrahim of the Moro Islamic Liberation Front met in Narita, Japan. Three months ago, in March, the two sides finally reached a comprehensive peace agreement.

Sarkozy is philosophically a conservative, but an ultra liberal on economic issues, making him totally foreign to the Gaullist tradition. Preaching privatization and social repression, he has placed himself to the right of the right, hoping to take back the votes that the mainstream right has been losing to Jean Marie Le Pen s fascistoid National Front for the past 20 years.

French descendants of Eastern European Jews have not yet fully come to terms with a continent including Vichy France that they still associate with the Holocaust, whereas Jews from the Maghreb tend to resent the fact that even in France, they remain surrounded by Arabs. Indeed, a significant portion of the Jewish community in the south of France votes for the far right National Front, which, under the leadership of Marine Le Pen, has concentrated its xenophobia on Muslims.

The anti immigration Danish People s Party finished second in the country s just concluded general election, with 22 of the vote. And, in Spain, the leftist anti austerity Podemos commands double digit support.

But Berlin browbeat him into further austerity. Now, with both the center right and the center left discredited together, they received only 35 of the popular vote Marine Le Pen s racist Front National topped the poll by promising radical change.

And that is as it should be, for unity is crucial to countering terrorists, whose priority is to create division, incite confrontation, and marginalize moderates. Indeed, even Marine Le Pen, the leader of the far right National Front, initially warned against the dangers of an anti Muslim backlash, stating that a few lost young men were in no way representative of the majority of French Muslims.

Two far right parties from these countries, the French National Front and the Dutch Freedom Party, have now formed an alliance ahead of the European Parliament elections in May 2014. They hope to attract likeminded parties in other EU countries and form a parliamentary bloc powerful enough to slay the monster of Europe, as Geert Wilders, the Freedom Party s leader, calls the EU.

Normal access should be raised to levels that are concomitant with members potential need to borrow, and a new liquidity line to provide reliable and meaningful front loaded financial support should be created. This would make emerging markets and developing country members regard reserve accumulation as expensive and extravagant, thereby helping to liberate those resources to help the world economy overcome today s crisis.

A country cannot prosper if its educational system lacks the resources and capacity to prepare its children to thrive in the digital economy. Likewise, a reform program cannot be implemented if inequality, poverty, and social frustration strengthen extremist political parties, such as Greece's overtly fascist Golden Dawn party or France's far right, anti Europe National Front, which now boasts 25 electoral support.

At the moment, Egyptian liberals main concern should be their popular appeal and ability to mobilize support, rather than picking fights with the Salafis and trying to enforce a constitution by any means, democratic or not. During its transition period (1988 1991), Algeria s secularists crafted a pluralist constitution that excluded religious parties.

Some argue that furnishing members with rapid and front loaded liquidity insurance would encourage irresponsible policies or reckless borrowing. Admittedly, it could help members cope better with volatility and, therefore, be more open to inflows of short tern capital, but this need not result in bad policies.

The Islamic Action Front, the Brotherhood s political party in Jordan, continued to reject the majoritarian electoral system, which favors tribes over political parties and other important social groups. In particular, owing to the relative insignificance of national party lists, Jordanians of Palestinian origin, who comprise nearly half the electorate, receive only a small percentage of elected officials.