Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation, Violence, Vengeance and Gender A Preliminary Investigation into the Links between Violence against Women and HIV AIDS in South Africa (2001), p. 10.

children,education,gaming,psychology,technology,violence

animals,brain,children,love,psychology,violence

brain,consciousness,development,mind,psychology,science,violence

business,culture,global issues,media,violence,war

Africa,iraq,peace,politics,third world,violence,war

TEDxFeatured,activism,global issues,peace,tedx,violence,war

arts,communication,compassion,entertainment,film,peace,violence,war

community,crime,global issues,peace,social change,tedx,violence

God,TED Prize,global issues,politics,religion,tedglobal2009,violence

activism,culture,global issues,spoken word,technology,violence,war,women

OMCT, Violence against Women in Nicaragua, 2001, p. 12.

Sexuality, Violence and HIV AIDS in Indonesia , presentation by Nafsiah Mboi, Vice Chair, Indonesian National Commission on Violence Against Women, during the meeting with the Special Rapporteur in Jakarta in June 2004.

brain,culture,global issues,peace,politics,potential,poverty,psychology,violence,war

culture,entrepreneur,global issues,health,health care,peace,politics,violence,war

collaboration,global issues,open source,peace,politics,social media,violence,war

WHO, World Report on Violence and Health (2002), p. 89.

The impact and implications of the construction of male sexuality on women, violence against women and women's sexual and bodily autonomy was discussed, noting that the construction of male sexuality makes women particularly vulnerable to violence. Sexuality and violence against women was examined in light of growing fundamentalisms, militarization and situations of armed conflict and the rise of neo liberal globalization in the region.

Featured,arts,culture,entertainment,gender,global issues,happiness,performance,storytelling,theater,violence,women

Gender Project, Community Law Center, University of the Western Cape, Strategic Interventions Intersections between Gender Based Violence and HIV AIDS (2003), p. 7. See also Human Rights Watch, Hated to Death Homophobia, Violence and Jamaica's HIV AIDS Epidemic (2003).

WHO, Violence against Women and HIV AIDS Setting the Research Agenda (2000), p. 6.

For further details, papers and recommendations see Sexuality and Violence against Women Access to Justice, Summary Report of study workshop and Asia Pacific Consultation with the Special Rapporteur on violence against women, Jakarta, Indonesia, 25 28 July 2004, APWLD, Forum Asia, Komnas Perempuan.

Pregnancy and Childbirth Joy or Despair WLSA research report into Women and gender generated crimes of violence 2001

Human Rights Watch, Just Die Quietly Domestic Violence and Women's Vulnerability to HIV in Uganda, 2003, p. 25.

Human Rights Watch, Just Die Quietly Domestic Violence and Women's Vulnerability to HIV in Uganda, 2003, p. 25.

See the final report of the First African Regional Consultation on violence against women with the Special Rapporteur on violence against women and the Special Rapporteur of the African Commission on Human and Peoples Rights on Women's Rights, Khartoum, Sudan, 25 26 September 2004, prepared by the Geneva Institute for Human Rights.

UNDP, Dying of Sadness Gender, Sexual Violence and the HIV Epidemic, SEPED Conference Paper Series No. 1, (2002), p. 4.

Population Council, HIV and Partner Violence Implications for HIV Voluntary Counseling and Testing Programs in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania (2001), p. 33.

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Sexual and Gender based Violence against Refugees, Returnees, and Internally Displaced Persons Guidelines for Prevention and Response (2003), p. 42.

Article 1 Preventing and combating discrimination and violence against women

Restructuring meaning after uprooting and violence Psychosocial interventions in refugee receiving and in post conflict societies Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Oslo (2000, 2nd ed. 2001) (doctoral thesis).

Population Reports, Series L, No. 11. Baltimore Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Population Information Program 9 http www.infoforhealthh.org pr 111 violence.pdf

28 World Health Organization, WHO Multi country Study on Women's Health and Domestic Violence against Women Initial Results on Prevalence, Health Outcomes, and Women's Responses (Geneva, WHO, 2005).

Profile of violence in Argentina 1955 to 1976, in Disorders and terrorism, Report of the Task Force on Disorders and Terrorism, National Advisory Committee on Criminal Justice Standards and Goals, Washington, D.C., 1976, pp. 474 478.

These efforts and their shortcomings are discussed in Human Rights Watch, Deadly Delay South Africa's Efforts to Prevent HIV in Survivors of Sexual Violence (March 2004, Vol. 16, No. 3 (A)), pp. 58 et seq. http www.hrw.org reports 2004 southafrica0304 southafrica0304.pdf

Many international movements and organizations such as Women Under Siege, V Day, and Stop Violence Against Women are already working to deliver justice and security to women. Governments and political parties should support such initiatives.

But, without the political will to enact legislation and enforce it effectively, promises are meaningless. Although 187 countries have signed the 1979 United Nations Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Violence Against Women, statistics show little progress.