World trade has stalled. And China s economic slowdown and market turmoil this summer have created further uncertainty.

Moreover, donor countries had reduced their official development assistance owing to a slowdown in their economic growth.

They were facing increased poverty, a stagnant economic situation and a slowdown in economic growth resulting from the debt crisis of the early 1980s.

Containing China s Slowdown

The outlook for 2005 is for a slowdown in economic growth as commodity prices decline but for a slight increase in inflation.

Long Live China s Slowdown

New York Will rising global inflation lead to a sharp global economic slowdown? Even worse, will it revive stagflation, that deadly combination of rising inflation and negative growth?

Remittances are already believed to be falling, which makes sense immigrants in rich countries are and will be disproportionately hurt by slowing economic activity. Immigration itself may even slow dramatically, depending on the length and depth of the economic slowdown.

That would be a good thing. With Sarkozy off his back, ECB President Jean Claude Trichet might feel freer to cut interest rates to counter the impending economic slowdown in Europe.

The past three months, however, have seen a significant slowdown in China s exports, domestic investment, industrial output, and tax revenues. A major slowdown seems to be looming.

6. Notes the negative impact on the economy of the Territory of the slowdown in economic performance in the world, as well as the determination of the new Government to modernize the economic structure and intensify the implementation of its financial management initiative

These remittances are vitally important for economic stability in several African countries. An economic slowdown in the US and Europe could substantially slow this infusion of cash, because immigrants are often the first to lose their jobs when recession fears take hold.

South Africa has the continent s largest economy and, until the global financial crisis, posted 10 years of steady economic growth. In an economic slowdown, the country s severe crime problem might only worsen so might unemployment, which already tops 20 in the formal economy.

Expressing concern at the recent economic slowdown, particularly its adverse impact on the economies of developing countries, which could hinder the realization of agreed development goals, in particular the eradication of poverty,

PRINCETON Any economic slowdown increases debt burdens, whether for households or for states. Today, both are looking for ways to reduce the weight of debt and some would prefer to escape it.

The economic headwinds are formidable fiscal austerity, high interest rates outside AAA rated countries, credit cutting by banks, deleveraging households, weak private sector investment, and declining exports as the global slowdown undermines demand.

Some suggest that, given the economic slowdown, we should put global warming on the backburner. On the contrary, retrofitting the global economy for climate change would help to restore aggregate demand and growth.

That conclusion would have to be significantly modified in light of the data recorded since the financial crisis. The economic slowdown in 2009, the worst year of the crisis, was nothing short of catastrophic.

Mr. Bhattacharya (Observer for the World Bank) said that, notwithstanding the slowdown in world economic growth in 2005, developing country economies would continue to outperform those of high income countries by a wide margin.

Since 2009, India has been expanding its deficit as a deliberate measure to counter its economic slowdown. Because fiscal expansion followed several years of restraint, it was very effective in spurring demand and output growth.

The most common explanation is the global economic slowdown, which has diminished demand for energy, minerals, and agricultural products. Indeed, growth has slowed and GDP forecasts have been revised downward since mid year in most countries.

In Japan, QE may have contributed to delays in economic reform and restructuring, thereby weakening longer term economic growth and exacerbating fiscal distress. In the US, it failed to avert the slowdown during 2008 2011, while America s 2011 inflation figures may turn out to be higher than they were in 2007.

MILAN Despite China s widely discussed economic slowdown, annual GDP growth remains above 7 , implying little cause for alarm at least for now. The question is whether the government s efforts to implement structural reforms and transform the economy s growth model are working that is, whether internal imbalances continue to threaten long term economic performance.

African countries that were locked out of international capital markets for most of the past five decades have largely been spared the twin woes of financial turmoil and economic downturn. The continent s economies experienced a slowdown, but not a recession.

The decade long economic slowdown of the 1990 s tarnished Japan s reputation, but it did not erase Japan s soft power resources. Japan s global cultural influence grew in areas ranging from fashion, food, and pop music to consumer electronics, architecture, and art.

During Valery Giscard d Estaing s presidency in the 1970 s, unemployment rose every year, reaching 6.3 by 1980. François Mitterrand promised rapid growth and lower unemployment when he came to power in 1981, but presided over an economic slowdown and rising unemployment.

Most notably, economic projections have vastly underestimated the severity of the eurozone crisis, as well as its impact on the rest of the world. And recovery prospects continue to depend on the emerging economies, even as they experience a sharp slowdown.

Moreover, not only is the tradable sector of Japan s economy highly vulnerable to a slowdown in China, but the recent conflict over the Senkaku Diaoyu Islands raises the prospect of economic decoupling. Apart from that, Japanese economic performance is set to remain weak, because the non tradable side is not a strong growth engine.

If they affect Russia s entire economy, hitting ordinary citizens the hardest, popular support for Putin s regime may solidify further. Of course, an economic slowdown could erode Putin s popular support, which is based on the gains in living standards made under his leadership.

BEIJING The slowdown of China s economy has captured the headlines in recent weeks. Whether it is a permanent or temporary adjustment, the Chinese authorities have much work to do in laying the groundwork for strong economic performance in the medium and long term.

In both 2010 and 2011, leading economic indicators showed that the first half slowdown had bottomed out, and that growth was already accelerating before the announcement of monetary easing. Thus, QE nudged along an economy that was already recovering, which prolonged asset reflation.

Any marked or prolonged slowdown in the momentum of growth would generate immediate social and economic repercussions for the region in terms of poverty reduction and longer term development prospects if public investment in social and physical infrastructure were to be reduced.

A further slowdown in China is a distinct possibility. China s leaders must do what it takes to ensure that such a slowdown is not viewed as secular trend a perception that could undermine the consumption and investment that the economy so badly needs.

Exaggerations of this kind have undermined confidence in Chinese policy at a particularly dangerous time. China is now navigating a complex economic transition that involves three sometimes conflicting objectives creating a market based consumer economy reforming the financial system and ensuring an orderly slowdown that avoids the economic collapse often accompanying industrial restructuring and financial liberalization.

The outcome of premature fiscal consolidation is all but foretold growth will slow, tax revenues will diminish, and the reduction in deficits will be disappointing. And, in our globally integrated world, the slowdown in Europe will exacerbate the slowdown in the US, and vice versa.

Now, the costs of the soccer jamboree, coming on top of the country s ongoing economic slowdown, are coming home to roost. Several analysts have concluded that Brazil s bubble has burst, and that the so called country of the future will remain stuck in the present.

Doing everything possible to avoid a repeat of the 1989 scenario may well be the Communist Party leadership s top priority in 2009. And, given the economic slowdown, widening income disparity, rising unemployment, and growing popular discontent over corruption, China s leaders will have their hands full.

In this sense, China s government is facing an important test. If it fails to take advantage of the opportunity provided by the cost shock and economic slowdown to implement the necessary structural reforms, China s potential growth rate, as dictated by TFP, will never rebound fully.

The initial American financial crisis barely touched Russia, but the global economic slowdown brought about a decline in oil and other commodity prices by more than one third since July, which was a big blow. All the other hits, however, have been self inflicted.

To the extent that democratic responses to institutional incapacity will contribute to stronger and more sustainable growth, India s economic clouds have a silver lining. But if India s politicians engage in point scoring rather than institution building, the current slowdown may portend stormy weather ahead.

The view that Li will tolerate slower growth only above a particular threshold is based on the belief that GDP growth below 8 would hurt economic development more than it helped, and lead to social instability. And, indeed, if unemployment pressure had become as acute today as it was in the 1990 s, the prolonged economic slowdown would undoubtedly have precipitated government intervention.

So, whether President Barack Obama or Mitt Romney prevails in November, the next president will be constrained by the twin need for urgent economic stabilization and longer term reforms. And, with headwinds from Europe and a synchronized global slowdown, the candidates will have no choice but to pursue, at least initially, similar economic policies to restore dynamic job creation and financial stability.

But, just as Japan s post war economic model became the template for the Asian economic miracles of recent decades, the reforms currently being implemented by Prime Minister Shinzo Abe ( Abenomics ) may offer Asian economies a path back to strong growth. If the fallout from China s slowdown is not to hit the entire region and jeopardize the economic integration that has already taken place, Asia s governments beginning with China will need to embrace similar reforms.

Ideally, no such crisis would be needed. In this scenario, China s economic slowdown since 2008, which could be viewed as China s first modern growth crisis, would be sufficient to force China s leaders to shift their focus from supporting double digit annual GDP increases to restructuring the economy.

Once increasing fixed investment becomes impossible most likely after 2013 China is poised for a sharp slowdown. Instead of focusing on securing a soft landing today, Chinese policymakers should be worrying about the brick wall that economic growth may hit in the second half of the quinquennium.