Along with Mayans other identified tribal peoples within these communities are creole (African) and mestizo.

There are no precise percentage data available on other races or ethnic groupings, such as the indigenous Mískita, Sumu (Mayangna), Rama and Garífona and their subsequent mixture with African and mestizo peoples.

According to data from the 1998 demographic and health survey, the ethnic make up of the Nicaraguan population is as follows mestizo (69 per cent), white (17 per cent), black (9 per cent) and Amerindian (5 per cent).

However, it remains concerned about the remarkable disparities of access, regular attendance, dropouts and retention of children in schools across the country affecting particularly the poor, the mestizo children, those of African descent and children living in remote areas.

Thus, vast inequalities of power, social standing, and economic well being were part and parcel of the forging of the Americas. Indigenous, African American, and mestizo (mixed) communities have been fighting for their social, political, and economic rights ever since.