1863 An uprising of Santee Sioux in Minnesota ends with the hanging of 38 Sioux men, the largest mass execution in U.S. history.

And they were tired of all the inconveniences of the Sioux.

The treaty seemed to be a complete victory for Red Cloud and the Sioux.

The Sioux refused the money with the rallying cry, The Black Hills are not for sale.

As payment for the Black Hills, the court awarded only 106 million dollars to the Sioux Nation.

Many of you may have heard of the Lakota, or at least the larger group of tribes called the Sioux.

1868 The second Fort Laramie Treaty clearly guarantees the sovereignty of the Great Sioux Nation and the Lakotas' ownership of the sacred Black Hills.

1980 The longest running court case in U.S. history, the Sioux Nation v. the United States, was ruled upon by the U.S. Supreme Court.

The court stated that the Black Hills were illegally taken and that the initial offering price plus interest should be paid to the Sioux Nation.

A new agreement was presented to Sioux chiefs and their leading men under a campaign known as sell or starve Sign the paper, or no food for your tribe.

It began carrying, among other things, a large number of hunters who began the wholesale killing of buffalo, eliminating a source of food and clothing and shelter for the Sioux.

Whenever I visit the site of the mass grave at Wounded Knee, I see it not just as a grave for the Lakota or for the Sioux, but as a grave for all indigenous peoples.

The court determined that, when the Sioux were resettled onto reservations and seven million acres of their land were opened up to prospectors and homesteaders, the terms of the second Fort Laramie Treaty had been violated.

On December 29th, U.S. troops surrounded a Sioux encampment at Wounded Knee Creek and massacred Chief Big Foot and 300 prisoners of war, using a new rapid fire weapon that fired exploding shells called a Hotchkiss gun.

The Division of Early Warning and Assessment maintained GRID or regional resource centres in Bangkok Geneva Nairobi Sioux Falls, the United States of America Bahrain and Mexico City, and specialized centres, such as GRID Arendal in Norway for polar regions and the UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre.