(c) Promote equilibrium between supply and demand within expanding world commodity trade.

Commodity dependent countries, particularly in Africa, will require an integrated approach, including special support to diversify their exports, add value to their commodity exports, build the associated supply capacity, manage commodity price volatility and develop a new generation of commodity financing schemes.

UNCTAD has also outlined a number of measures for international procurement and the trading of strategic food commodities, including a seminar on commodity trading and commodity supply management.

The mission also outlined a number of measures for immediate action within the frame of a technical assistance project, including a seminar on commodity trading and commodity supply management.

UNICEF procurement services and expertise in international commodity purchasing and supply will increasingly enhance its country programme support.

The discussion will cover possible actions for the improvement of supply capacity, the reduction of transaction costs, improved integration of developing country producers into international supply chains, and better management of commodity sector revenues.

(e) There is a need to speed up and streamline commodity procurement as well as to improve supply management at the country level, in order to deliver an uninterrupted supply of medicines and diagnostics

A Guide to Commodity based Export Diversification and Competitiveness Strategies in Africa has been finalized to help the countries develop a holistic approach to addressing supply side and competitiveness issues in the commodity sector for export development.

Commodity Supply Management by Producing Countries A Case Study of Tropical Beverage Crops, by Alfred Maizels, Robert Bacon and George Mavrotas, Clarendon Press, Oxford

Of course, technological advances, like hydraulic fracturing ( fracking ) in the shale gas industry, could increase supply and therefore lower prices. But mounting environmental challenges, and the limited availability of commodity substitutes, suggest that a reprieve on commodity prices is not near.

We welcome the proposal to ease supply side constraints and commodity price shocks in order to take the fullest possible advantage of increased market access.

Expressing deep concern about the negative effects of unfavourable weather conditions on the supply side of commodity dependent countries, and the effects of the financial crisis on the demand for commodities, as well as the continuing decline of commodity prices, which would adversely affect the economic growth of commodity dependent countries, especially in Africa,

Barring a true negative supply side shock, global stagflation is thus unlikely. Recent rises in oil, energy and other commodity prices reflect a variety of factors

Commodity

What about the long run? With several years to adjust, we would expect a powerful supply side response to higher commodity prices now prevailing all over the world.

Expressing deep concern about the negative effects of unfavourable weather conditions on the supply side of most commodity dependent countries and any continuing effects of the 1997 1998 financial crisis on the demand for commodities, as well as the continuing depressed levels of most commodity prices, which adversely affect the economic growth of commodity dependent countries, especially in Africa and the least developed countries, as well as commodity dependent small island developing States,

No, this time, commodity resources are the primary constraint, rather than a secondary problem, as in the past. That is why commodity prices will just keep soaring until world growth slows down long enough for new supply and new conservation options to catch up with demand.

Commodity country

Commodity Procurement Section I Commodity Procurement Section II Support Services Section

UNICEF will also promote commodity subventions as a front loaded investment for global public goods that are in short supply and can save the lives of children in poor countries.

Commodity service US

(a) Commodity chains

Latin America s Commodity Windfall

Federation of Commodity Associations

Global contraceptive commodity programme

For many countries in the region, a reversion to commodity dependence was unavoidable, with an attendant exposure to high price volatility, mainly from supply shocks, even as real prices continued their secular decline.

Commodity prices are like this.

Why Are Commodity Prices Falling?

DIVERSIFICATION IN COMMODITY DEPENDENT COUNTRIES

DIVERSIFICATION IN COMMODITY DEPENDENT COUNTRIES

(a) Commodity chains 49 52

The Fund is an intergovernmental financial institution exclusively concerned with commodity development issues and commodity development projects.

Of course, upward pressure on commodity prices also stems from supply side challenges. It is not just that global supplies of resources are increasingly scarce, but also that supplies are increasingly falling into inefficient hands.

59. The basic function of the international community is to provide a favourable international environment and supply the requisite assistance for the success of actions by the Governments of commodity dependent countries themselves, so that

Meanwhile, the supply of most commodities is forecast to grow by no more than 2 annually in real terms. All else being equal, unless China s commodity intensity, defined as the amount of a commodity consumed to generate a unit of output, falls dramatically, its demand for commodities will be greater this year than it was last year.

United Nations commodity and other conferences.

3. Diversification in commodity dependent countries

A. Diversification in commodity dependent countries

Table 6 Estimated fuel requirements Commodity

Total non food (part A) Commodity

2. Agenda for commodity based diversification

Note 9. Global Contraceptive Commodity Programme

Too bad. That's Casablanca's leading commodity.

(d) In commodity dependent countries, special efforts are needed to generate funds for the development of the commodity sector.

Further, studies suggest that owing to concentration in the structure of international commodity markets, commodity producers are less likely to benefit from increases in international commodity prices at the wholesale and retail levels.