Economic instruments

(b) Economic instruments

(b) Economic and fiscal instruments

Energy, Environment and Climate Economic Instruments (1995)

Economic instruments in the field of climate change

(b) Economic instruments encouraging public and private actors

(g) Regulatory and or economic instruments may be used where appropriate.

Increase options for public transport through economic instruments and planning and

Economic instruments which influence land use decisions, land use and mobility patterns.

Economic instruments Influencing behaviour and impact through financial means and sending signals via the market

The latter initiative should include the use of economic instruments, particularly the polluter pays principle.

(vii) Increased use of economic instruments to improve energy efficiency and to internalize external effects.

This assistance involves the use of innovative economic instruments in the economic sector, and more generally, ensuring that economic development and environmental protection are mutually supportive and compatible.

Some representatives considered the idea of developing new international legal instruments on economic and financial crime.

Economic instruments that include demand management measures could play an important role in promoting efficient water use.

(ii) Introducing economic instruments on an internationally agreed basis to speed up the introduction of clean aircraft

Many countries report action to improve the use of economic and policy instruments to promote sustainable forest management.

It is also noted that economic and financial instruments are used to stimulate rational management of natural resources.

What role should be played by economic instruments in modifying production and consumption behaviour and raising revenue for conservation?

policies and measures including, as appropriate, regarding energy, transport, industry, agriculture, forestry, waste management, economic instruments, institutions and mechanisms

the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights2 and other human rights instruments adopted by the United Nations,

There is also reference to other economic instruments such as labelling of products in the context of the Montreal Protocol.

However, to be effective and remain predictable, market based instruments require an adequate regulatory framework.For more information in this regard, see S. Smith and H.B. Vos, Evaluating Economic Instruments for Environmental Policy, OECD, Paris, 1997.

52. Pricing and economic incentives, as policy instruments for demand management, have been gaining gradual acceptance in developed countries in recent years.

Some developing countries because of a low socio economic level of development might have difficulty in acceding to certain human rights instruments.

(e) Assist African countries and their intergovernmental organizations in making more effective the policy instruments for economic cooperation and integration in Africa

The spectrum of policies and measures employed by reporting Parties includes economic instruments, particularly taxes, regulations, information, education and raising public awareness.

The spectrum of policies and measures employed by reporting Parties includes economic instruments, particularly taxes, regulations, information, education and raising public awareness.

The groups formed provide joint collateral and serve as instruments for spreading valuable information that is useful for economic and social progress.

Cost is, in most instances, the most important barrier, but this is an area where economic policy instruments can quickly make a difference.

Aware of the advantages of coordinating relevant measures and strategies, including specific administrative and economic instruments to achieve the objective of the Convention,

Most Parties use a variety of policy devices, including economic instruments to tax energy consumption, or provide financial incentives for energy efficiency investments.

Within the framework of FCCC, two economic instruments are under consideration joint implementation (JI) and a greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions trading system (ETS).

Instruments ratified

Instruments signed

Modalities instruments

The instruments!

(2)Where the derivative instruments embedded in similar mixed instruments shall obviously not be separated from the relevant mixed instruments.

(b) Human Rights A Compilation of International Instruments Regional Instruments, volume 2, containing regional instruments, has been published in English.

The attack on the nation state comes from above and below. Economic globalization has blunted the instruments of national economic policy and weakened the traditional mechanisms of transfers and redistribution that strengthened social inclusion.

The Meeting recommended that the initiatives of other regions to apply economic instruments to achieve environmental sustainability objectives, as documented by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, as one example, should be examined.

UNEP will continue to conduct analytical work to promote a social and economic approach, including the use of economic instruments and the valuation of ecosystem services, in the national implementation of multilateral environmental agreements.

Civil and political rights, in combination with economic, social and cultural rights, may be shown to be most effective instruments to remove social exclusion.

However, the Protocol also recognizes innovative economic instruments, including emission credits and emission trading, as means to achieve emission limitations, and contains the seeds of new markets in emissions that will take a place alongside traditional markets in commodities and financial instruments.

Almost all Parties mentioned the need for more financial resources, appropriate technology, capacity building, information, public awareness and institutional capacity, legislation, economic instruments and enforcement.