Foreign exchange brokerage and activities relating to the foreign exchange market

Copper and other metal exports account for about 75 per cent of the country's foreign exchange earnings.

(c) Foreign exchange transactions

6151 External foreign exchange

6152 Importers' own foreign exchange

Financial services, international business and tourism are the main economic sectors and account for the bulk of the Territory's foreign exchange earnings.

2210 Tax on foreign exchange transactions

4310 Prohibition of foreign exchange allocation

Foreign exchange offices are authorized by the Central Bank for dealings in foreign notes and coin in accordance with the foreign exchange regulations in force.

4390 Restrictive official foreign exchange allocation n.e.s.

Activities of foreign exchange offices are regulated.

6150 Licence linked with non official foreign exchange

At the same time, if the world s most powerful countries stopped promoting full capital account liberalization, developing countries would feel less pressure to protect themselves by accumulating foreign exchange reserves. By investing the funds in development projects instead, they could address both savings and foreign exchange constraints.

This report would evaluate the sustainability of current account balances and exchange rates, and the adequacy or excessiveness of members foreign exchange reserves. It would recommend policies for eliminating imbalances and describe what kind of exchange rate and reserve changes must accompany any adjustments.

Surging oil prices are draining our foreign exchange revenues.

One key issue facing China is how to reduce the current and capital account surpluses in order to reduce foreign exchange holdings. Yes, further revaluation of the exchange rate is needed, but this can play only a secondary role.

Case study Arrest of foreign exchange dealer in the Philippines

Foreign exchange offices are also required to make periodic declarations.

The greatest impact of migration was on access to foreign exchange.

3 To be more accurate, the relevant foreign exchange reserves figure is the amount of free foreign exchange reserves, excluding commitments resulting from transactions in the forward currency market.

Remittances have become the second largest source of foreign exchange for developing countries, following foreign direct investment (FDI).

Exchange rates were not adjusted until foreign exchange reserves had fallen to an extremely low level in late December 1994.

In some larger economies, remittances became a significant source of foreign exchange.

All foreign exchange remittances must be conducted through the Royal Monetary Authority.

The scope of Foreign exchange bureaus is very small in this sphere.

Foreign exchange reserves were nearly exhausted while official development assistance had declined.

Transit traffic has the potential to become a major foreign exchange earner.

Alternative remittance services are prohibited in Syria, and those who engage in such activities are liable to severe penalties under foreign exchange legislation, as Syria still imposes controls on foreign exchange transactions.

A country can also influence the short term exchange rate by intervening directly in the foreign exchange market. But such interventions are complicated not least because they must account for the relationship between the country s monetary policy approach and that of other relevant countries.

A country with current account and capital account surpluses and increasing foreign exchange reserves normally sees an excessive money supply and high inflation. But, while excessive money supply is a reality for China the PBC now holds more than 2.6 trillion in foreign reserves inflation has been quite moderate so far, thanks to the sterilization policy.

Countries' liberal foreign exchange has also contributed to OFDI by developing country firms.

The ratio of short term debt to the stock of foreign exchange reserves,3 which measures the ability of a country to meet its foreign obligations that mature fairly soon out of liquid sources of foreign exchange, is better suited for that purpose.

The date of foreign exchange applicable will be specified by the Customs General Administration.

Short term debt as a percentage of foreign exchange reserves fell moderately during 1997.

Travellers' cheques and notes in all major foreign currencies may be exchanged at any commercial bank and most hotels and foreign exchange counters.

Consider first the claim that the dollar s status as a reserve currency protects it, because governments around the world need to hold dollars as foreign exchange reserves. The problem is that foreign holdings of dollar securities are no longer primarily foreign exchange reserves in the traditional sense.

It is also a means to obtain United States dollars through the foreign exchange process.

The use of the new foreign exchange module will commence before the end of 2006.

Countries with foreign exchange constraints face a policy dilemma in the liberalization of outward FDI.

It is also true that the massive accumulation of foreign reserves that is now feeding the SWFs growth is excessive and driven by misguided exchange rate policies, with vastly undervalued currencies resulting in current account surpluses. These countries need to allow greater exchange rate flexibility and currency appreciation to reduce their external surpluses and thus the need to accumulate huge foreign reserves in the first place.

Barriers to trade such as limited access to foreign exchange and exchange control regulations are expected to be major issues in many LDCs and developing countries.

Since then, the foreign exchange forwards short position of the People's Bank Of China remained zero.

The Committee also had a fruitful exchange of views with the Jordanian Minister for Foreign Affairs.

In fact, the BRICS countries remain an economic force to be reckoned with, accounting for 25.7 of world GDP, 42 of the global population, and 17 of total trade. They attract more than 18 of the global total of foreign investment, hold 40 of all foreign exchange reserves, and account for 30 of total foreign holdings of US Treasury bonds.

Large current account surpluses and or rising terms of trade imply that the equilibrium real exchange rate (the relative price of foreign to domestic goods) has appreciated in countries like China and Russia. Thus, over time the actual real exchange rate needs to converge via real appreciation with the stronger equilibrium rate.