B. Private sector and public infrastructure

1. Private sector and public infrastructure

(d) Local financial sector supporting infrastructure in place

Additional resources will be allocated for social sector programmes and infrastructure development.

However, that sector still faces challenges related to an inadequate education infrastructure.

429. Development of the housing sector requires appropriate synchronized development of communal infrastructure.

Public sector construction focused on the development of infrastructure while private sector activity was associated in part with significant residential construction.

To increase investment in infrastructure, facilities, equipment and human resources in the health sector.

A. General remarks 1 2 B. Private sector and public infrastructure 2 6 2

The entire public sector health infrastructure is financed by the State from its own resources.

In the justice sector, financial, material and logistical resources are practically non existent, and the infrastructure is minimal.

Infrastructure provision and management The level and nature of investment by Governments in infrastructure and services essential for tourism can have a direct effect on the sustainability of the sector.

31. It was pointed out that the section discussed basic issues of privately financed infrastructure projects, such as private sector participation in public infrastructure and the concept of project finance.

Saudi Arabia is boosting its spending on social and infrastructure investments substantially, as well as expanding oil sector capacity.

The private sector should be approached even more to provide funds towards improving the communications infrastructure in developing countries.

African agriculture requires substantial investments in and maintenance of infrastructure, which cannot always be undertaken by the private sector.

Where private sector investment in infrastructure is allowed, it may require a governmental authorization sometimes called licence , franchise or concession .

Infrastructure, infrastructure, infrastructure and discipline.

Progress also depends on sector strategies, including strategies for agriculture, infrastructure, forestry, fisheries, energy and transport, which all require environmental safeguards.

The primary education sector also faces important problems, mostly related to insufficient or poorly maintained infrastructure and acute shortages of teachers.

This necessarily will imply a greater role for the private sector in financing, rebuilding and the operation of the physical infrastructure.

The development of the financial sector was a central task in many developing countries indeed, an improved financial infrastructure was essential for private sector development, particularly for small and medium sized enterprises.

During this period, the World Bank and related institutions pursued a strategy that encouraged private sector investment and participation in infrastructure projects, thus providing developing countries with opportunities for technological learning through infrastructure development.

Private sector financing is being increasingly called upon for the development of public infrastructure, and in some countries it has become an integral part of governmental programmes for the modernization or expansion of infrastructure.

Simply put, it is far from clear that marginal infrastructure projects are worth building, given that China is already investing more than 45 of its income, much of it in infrastructure. True, some of China s fiscal stimulus effectively consists of loans to the private sector via the highly controlled banking sector.

2. In the least developed countries and in a number of African countries where the private sector was weak, the public sector should play an active role in establishing the basic essential infrastructure, and international cooperation should focus on countries and sectors where the lack of such infrastructure was most acute.

Fiji itself had developed a Public Private Partnership Programme for the delivery of public infrastructure and public services by the private sector that would otherwise have been provided through traditional public sector procurement.

The recently adopted marine fishing policy of the Government of India advocates the protection and encouragement of subsistence fishermen, technology transfer to the small scale sector, and infrastructure support to the industrial sector.

But the growth fillip from public sector infrastructure spending can only be modest. Increasing infrastructure spending by a quarter, which would represent a huge administrative effort, would lift GDP growth by just 0.4 percentage points.

Projects in this field include physical market development enhancement of market infrastructure facilitation of private sector initiatives and commodity price risk management.

Effective delivery of infrastructure services in the least developed countries also calls for strong public private partnership and increased private sector participation.

Privatization of the governmental telecommunication sector and legislation deregulation were a driving force in the development and restructuring of the industry s infrastructure.

6. Constraints to growth and development include weak public sector capacity, lack of critical infrastructure and low skill levels and human development.

As mentioned above, the space related activities in the economic sector of Lebanon are dependent on the development of the telecommunications infrastructure.

The health sector is not the sector most affected by the disastrous sanctions, since these have affected social, scientific, educational and environmental aspects of life, quite apart from their effects on the economic infrastructure.

Nicaragua has introduced a national development plan that focuses on economic development through investment in the production sector and in the economic infrastructure.

Building a strong and vibrant private sector requires a global and domestic enabling macroenvironment, physical and social infrastructure and the rule of law.

(e) Housing and infrastructure improvement, to decrease the existing deficit by tapping new and non conventional financial resources for investment in the sector.

The privatization of certain activities, particularly utilities and infrastructure, had released government resources for other areas that did not interest the private sector.

54. Another Group within the Private Sector Development Department, i.e. the Private Participation in Infrastructure Group, covers issues of private participation in infrastructure (communication, energy, transport, water and sanitation), providing advice on market structure and competition, infrastructure regulation, privatization and concession type schemes, and concession award and project finance.

Oman has no urgent problems in the housing sector but it is giving further attention to the use of local building materials, recovery of infrastructure costs and encouraging the private sector in the construction industry.

The Asian Development Bank is working on innovative mechanisms to bring more finance to the infrastructure sector, such as the recent partial credit guarantee facility set up by India Infrastructure Finance Company Limited in collaboration with the ADB. By boosting the credit ratings of infrastructure projects via credit enhancements, this facility will allow pension funds and insurers to invest in infrastructure projects.

Advancing the development of informal and private sector activities will be crucial for job creation and income generation in the short term as the formal sector currently lacks sufficient capacity and the country's infrastructure remains weak.

The private sector can be an important source of funds for such infrastructure projects creating conditions for mobilizing private sector funds, for example through deregulation, could thus be an important policy initiative for commodity dependent countries.

Recognizing further that most transit countries are themselves developing countries facing serious economic problems, including the lack of adequate infrastructure in the transport sector,