So, we've reached a truly remarkable situation, a grotesque mismatch between the American intelligentsia and the American electorate.

Intelligentsia, civil society, and media should play their role to create public awareness about the dangers that terrorism poses to society.

Darwin thought that atheism might be well and good for the intelligentsia, but that ordinary people were not, quote, ripe for it.

And I want to remind you that the giants upon whose shoulders today's intelligentsia stand did not have to have English, they didn't have to pass an English test.

The invited delegates were selected from the same eight groupings as before political parties, representatives elect, national races, peasants, workers, intellectuals and intelligentsia, State service personnel and ceasefire groups.

And I want to remind you that the giants upon whose shoulders today's intelligentsia stand did not have to have English, they didn't have to pass an English test.

The only obstacle at present is the lack of financing and updated equipment, which diminishes the possibilities for relationships of the necessary intensity and complexity among the creative and scientific intelligentsia.

Both countries also possess a fairly educated middle class and intelligentsia alongside more traditional elites. Both societies have a mixed history that included periods of peaceful, cooperative politics and periods of violence and bloodletting.

If I'm right, this means that high office in the greatest country in the world is barred to the very people best qualified to hold it the intelligentsia unless they are prepared to lie about their beliefs.

This strategy of pre emptive political decapitation has produced enormous dividends for the Party. In the 1980 s, its principal adversaries were the urban intelligentsia, who constituted the backbone of the pro democracy movement that culminated in Tiananmen Square.

Predictably, the intelligentsia, usually the most liberal social group, is no longer a lethal threat to party rule. Worse, without support from this strategic group, other social groups, such as workers and peasants, have become politically marginalized and rudderless.

A philosophical opinion about the nature of the universe, which is held by the vast majority of top American scientists and probably the majority of the intelligentsia generally, is so abhorrent to the American electorate that no candidate for popular election dare affirm it in public.

At the same time, the Gülen movement invested heavily and shrewdly in cultivating Turkey s Western oriented intelligentsia. Thus, despite Gülen s own embarrassing history of anti Semitic and anti Western sermons, his followers managed to establish themselves by the 2000s as a civil society movement that shared Turkish liberals values and aspirations.

This view, propagated since World War II by a quasi Marxist intelligentsia, is so ingrained that the French do not even bother to understand how markets operate. They look upon economics as an ideological battleground, where all views can be entertained without being confronted with logic, much less with facts.

Although his Thai Rak Thai (TRT) party commands a 75 majority in the assembly, Thaksin is embattled. He remains immensely popular with rural voters and the urban poor, who comprise more than 60 of Thailand s electorate, but he has been battling a fervent Bangkok based insurrection against his rule by the intelligentsia and middle classes.

Instead of democratic transition, China has witnessed a consolidation of authoritarian rule the strengthening of a one party regime through organizational learning and adaptation. Since 1989, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) has been pursuing a two pronged strategy selective repression that targets organized political opposition and co optation of new social elites (the intelligentsia, professionals, and private entrepreneurs).

But the Iranian revolution holds another lesson for Pakistani liberals obsessed with evicting the Shah, Iran s intelligentsia was delusional about their own society and their potential to emerge victorious via an abrupt political upheaval. Once the Shah left, the radical minority that was willing to fight and die for its cause devoured the moderate majority, establishing Islamist rule in short order.

Our public thought is fragmented, and the country s intelligentsia, who are partly responsible for tending to society s values and goals, are behaving in often destructive ways. The live for the moment mentality of hedonism and greed that they have encouraged is embodied in Moscow s casinos, of which there are more than in the rest of Europe or, for that matter, Las Vegas.

When things go wrong as is likely, given mounting social strains caused by rising inequality, environmental degradation, and deteriorating public services China s alienated masses could become politically radicalized. And, unlike past protests, which have usually been allied with students or members of the intelligentsia, popular disaffection might not have the virtue of rational leaders with whom the government could talk and negotiate.

Having learned from the collapse of the Soviet Union that a bureaucratic ruling party must co opt new social elites to deprive potential opposition groups of leaders, the Communist Party has conducted an effective campaign of expanding its social base. The urban intelligentsia and professionals have been pampered with material perks and political recognition, while new private entrepreneurs have been allowed to join the Party.

He was a very wealthy man, and a sort of, part of the aristocracy of Britain, and on a Saturday night in Marylebone, were you part of the intelligentsia of that period, you would have been invited round to his house for a soiree and he invited everybody kings, the Duke of Wellington, many, many famous people and he would have shown you one of his mechanical machines.

By contrast, in Poland, which had witnessed its own tentative opening in the March student movement, a nationalist authoritarian faction exploited all that was intolerant and ignorant in Polish tradition, employing xenophobia and anti intellectual rhetoric. Polish Interior Minister Mieczyslaw Moczar, the leader of the nationalist faction, combined communist rhetoric with a language proper to fascist movements in order to mobilize the masses against the cosmopolitan liberal intelligentsia.

Although the Party s carrot and stick approach has worked since 1989, it is doubtful that it will retain its efficacy for another 17 years. To the extent that China s authoritarian regime is by nature exclusionary (it can only incorporate a limited number of elites), the co optation strategy will soon run up against its limits, and the Party will no longer have the resources to buy off the intelligentsia or keep private entrepreneurs happy.