352. Annex VI prohibits deliberate emissions of ozone depleting substances, which include halons and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), and sets limits on the emissions of sulphur oxide and nitrogen oxide from ship exhausts.

(i) Reduce emissions of nitrous oxide.

Nitrous oxide will remain a small component of Icelandic emissions.

The transport sector the fastest growing emission source contributed about 50 per cent of total emissions of non methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC) and accounted for roughly 40 per cent of nitrogen oxide (NOx ) and over a quarter of carbon monoxide (CO) emissions.

Ethyl chloride Ethylene oxide with nitrogen up to a total pressure of 1MPa (10 bar) at 50 C

A number of initiatives have been taken to reduce sulphur dioxide emissions and nitrogen oxygen emissions.

emissions to air TRI toxics, sulphur dioxides, nitrogen oxides, CO2 etc.

Use of oil with tetra ethyl lead causes much pollution, with lead containing carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide and policyclic nitro hydride.

Emissions of methane could be slightly reduced, while those of nitrous oxide could increase.

Moreover, energy use has grown 16 fold during the twentieth century, causing 160 million tons of atmospheric sulfur dioxide emissions per year more than twice the total of natural emissions. Likewise, more nitrogen fertilizer is applied in agriculture than is fixed naturally in all terrestrial ecosystems, and nitric oxide production from the burning of fossil fuels and biomass also surpasses natural emissions.

Emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) totalled 108 Gg, carbon monoxide (CO) 6.7 Gg, nitrous oxide (NOx) 2,740 Gg and non methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC) 25,400 Gg.

More stringent control of sulphur emissions can be exercised in special sulphur oxide emission control areas.

Economic expansion has resulted in increases in atmospheric nitrous oxide and methane, ozone depletion, increases in great floods, damage to ocean ecosystems, including nitrogen runoff,

The national communication includes aggregated emission estimates using global warming potentials (GWP), with CO2 emissions contributing 80 per cent of total emissions expressed as CO2 equivalent, methane (CH4) 12 per cent, nitrous oxide (N2O) 7 per cent and indirect GHG nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), and non methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC) 1 per cent.

At even larger scales, impacts include regional acidification caused by sulphur and nitrogen emissions from fuel combustion or global warming caused by greenhouse gas emissions.

Such activities include, inter alia, methane emissions from agriculture and waste sectors, coal mining, biomass burning carbon dioxide emissions from land use change and forestry and nitrous oxide emissions from all sectors.

With respect to air quality, a number of steps have been taken to reduce emissions, such as introduction of fees on emissions of nitrogen oxides and stricter requirements on emissions from industrial activities.

Nitrous oxide emissions from fuel combustion, which represented two thirds of base year emissions, were projected to decline by up to one third, while the visit made clear that agricultural emissions were not expected to grow.

Nitrous oxide emissions are expected to grow, mainly owing to the application of catalytic converters to reduce local and regional pollution.

The trends in emissions from 1990 to 1995 for methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) varied among the reporting Parties, with the majority of them reporting lower emissions of CH4, and about half reporting lower emissions of N2O.

CO2 represented 82 per cent of 1990 emissions, methane (CH4) about 8 per cent and nitrous oxide (N2O) about 10 per cent.

Nitrogen fertilizer and manure use (tonnes of nitrogen)

MEPC also adopted amendments to the regulations for the prevention of air pollution from ships in annex VI, which include making the North Sea a sulphur oxide emission control area, and to the nitrogen oxide technical code (resolution MEPC.132(53)). The amendments will enter into force in November 2006.

nitrogen

Nitrogen

Nitrogen

Nitrogen

Consequently, as to the allegations that the three power plants in Yataǧan, Yeniköy and Gökova (Kemerköy) are responsible for polluting the Muǧla region with toxic emissions and acid rain (para. 59), it has to be mentioned that sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide are not toxic emissions and are classified as air pollutants. Various analyses show that the emission of these pollutants by the above mentioned plants is within permissible limits.

Ethylene oxide

Ethylene oxide

But, as the conservative author David Frum notes, over the last two decades, the US has experienced a swift decline in crime, auto fatalities, alcohol and tobacco consumption, and emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide, which cause acid rain all while leading an Internet revolution. Given this, dire comparisons to, say, the decline of Rome are simply unwarranted.

Ethylene oxide and chlorotetrafluoroethane mixture, with not more than 8.8 ethylene oxide

Ethylene oxide and pentafluoroethane mixture, with not more than 7.9 ethylene oxide

Ethylene oxide and tetrafluoroethane mixture, with not more than 5.6 ethylene oxide

Nitrous oxide (N2O)

Agricultural soils constitute the single largest source of anthropogenic emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O), contributing 81 per cent of the total of 10.5 kilotonnes in 1990.

Emissions of non CO2 gases are relatively uncertain, and the team concluded that the estimate of nitrous oxide is still likely to be revised significantly downwards.

It's nitrogen narcosis.

In the 1980s and 1990s, widespread concern about acid rain pollution in North America and Europe led to extensive research and assessment efforts that greatly enhanced understanding of long distance transport of sulphur and nitrogen oxide pollution.

Methane emissions represented around 20 and nitrous oxide only 2 per cent of the inventory, the latter being relatively low due to the limited use of fertilizers.

Agriculture (non energy) Nitrous oxide

Nitrous oxide (N2O) Fuel combustion

E. Measures targeting nitrous oxide

Ethylene oxide and carbon dioxide mixture with more than 9 but not more than 87 ethylene oxide

The nitrogen has two problems.