The Euro Retailer Produce Working Group (EUREP) is a European based trade organization for retailers.

In the distribution sector, Chinese SMEs found it difficult to develop their business in the face of competition from big foreign competitors (e.g. China's biggest retailer had a sales volume of less than 1 per cent of that of the biggest retailer from the United States).

Bing Capital's acquisition of Edcon, a large retailer, is testimony to the confidence they are starting to place in the economy.

EurepGAP has replaced or assimilated various regional, product group and retailer specific standards and has integrated regulatory requirements on HACCP, MRLs and traceability.

They watched in horror as Amazon, en route to becoming the world s largest online retailer, pushed the bookstore chain Borders into bankruptcy, and have wondered if they will be next. The American discount retailer Walmart, reportedly concerned that it is cannibalizing its own sales, has gone so far as to stop selling Amazon s Kindle tablets.

This was evidence of resale price maintenance, which affects intrabrand competition and limits the right of the retailer to apply his own sale prices.

According to other views, a much smaller market share, as low as 8 per cent, could suffice for a retailer to have market power.

According to some views, market power can be exerted by a retailer only if it has at least a 35 per cent share of the market.

8. In addition to jobs, direct income and benefits, the military contributes to the local economy as a retailer and collector of federal taxes for Guam.

Who would have thought that a mass retailer could make money by going green? Who would have thought that a database entrepreneur could transform California with legislation?

Time honored U.S. retailer Macy's said on August 11 (Local Time) that it will shut down 100 stores next year (2017), accounting for around 15 of the total.

The retailer will not pull out entirely of any of the top markets where it currently operates stores, but will look to close stores that are in weak locations.

Some products enter the market through wholesalers who in turn distribute the products to a variety of retailers, while in other cases the producer sells directly to the retailer.

Being a retailer, it is a play on the belief that this middle class that's growing will continue to grow, that the boom and the confidence in consumer spending will continue.

If you're a smart retailer, then, you will put a very expensive item that nobody will ever buy on the shelf, because suddenly the 33 wine doesn't look as expensive in comparison.

The Perekriostok group, the Russian Federation's leading supermarket chain, has emerged in these conditions to become the fifth largest retailer in Europe and the ninth in the world in terms of retail sales.

And so a retailer, if you were to go into a wine shop and you had to buy a bottle of wine, and you see them here for eight, 27 and 33 dollars, what would you do?

Big companies, from banks to airlines, are contributing as well. The US retailer Wal Mart, for example, plans to cut emissions equivalent to 3.8 million cars, in part by implementing energy efficiency measures at its Chinese stores.

In addition, perfume retailer the Fragrance Shop will be testing out concessions in two Sainsbury's stores, the first of which opened in Croydon, south London, last week while a second opens in Selly Oak, Birmingham, later this year.

Entrepreneurs like Manish Sabharwal of Teamlease, and Binny and Sachin Bansal of Flipkart, an online retailer, are fundamentally changing the way India does business. Similarly, Indian academia may be moribund, but new public intellectuals like Pratap Bhanu Mehta have emerged from outside the mainstream.

The ability afforded by online marketplaces to new players to attain national and international prominence without massive upfront investment will profoundly affect how both retailers and manufacturers approach new consumer markets. The Japanese retailer Uniqlo, for example, used such marketplaces to expand into China in 2009.

But larger companies also have a larger ability to become a force for good, both locally and globally. If a company the size of US retailer Walmart decides that it will not allow wasteful packaging, its purchasing power will lead to changes in packaging for the entire retail sector.

The aura of a brand is easily destroyed. One reaction has been to look for radically new marketing strategies, as in the case of the up market Jimmy Choo brand of women s shoes, now to be sold in a simpler guise by the low price mass retailer Hampamp M.

Now, however, the rise of e tail (consumer facing e commerce) in China is enabling Hangzhou the base of Alibaba, China s largest online retailer to join their ranks. Indeed, on April 29, Alibaba signaled its ambitions by buying an 18 stake in Sina Weibo, China s version of Twitter.

Indeed, the Indian government s decision to welcome foreign retailers coincided with French retailer Carrefour s announcement that it will shut down its substantial operations in Singapore by the end of this year. Meanwhile, its British counterpart, Tesco, is shifting away from the large hypermarket format and investing heavily in online systems.

The Commission sanctioned Panamco Tica by imposing a fine of 34,028,360 and compelled it to amend the relevant clauses in the contracts to specify that the price lists are merely recommended, and not compulsory, and that the price to be applied for resale is to be determined by the retailer.

In 1873, the retailer Montgomery Ward was just a year old, and the first Sears Roebuck catalogue was still 20 years away. Together, these companies invented mail order as the killer app of the railroad age, creating a continental market for consumer goods, with all of the economies of scale that followed.

When the American retailer Target opened its first store in Canada in March 2013, its management assumed that the recipe of its success in the United States could be replicated north of the border. Instead, just 22 months later, the company announced that it would close all of its 133 Canadian stores and lay off 17,000 people.