(c) The civilian massacres involving reprisal killings and summary executions following, in recent years, the taking and retaking of particular areas by warring parties

(a) Provide advice and military assistance to the Papua New Guinea Defence Forces with a view to supporting them in their task of protecting the territorial sovereignty of the country and retaking control of important national resources, especially the mineral deposits in Panguna

The world also wanted to see the US retaking the high road in reinforcing business ethics and integrity so lacking under the last administration. As taxpayers had already put huge sums into rescuing failing banks, with the prospect of more to come, a transparent process to reveal how the money was being used was imperative.

In 1990, when Saddam Hussein sent Iraqi forces to occupy Kuwait, claiming that he was retaking lost territory, the UN Security Council voted, based on chapter seven of the UN charter, to punish Iraq by imposing a strict financial and trade embargo. Likewise, when apartheid South Africa refused to provide its black majority with their fundamental human rights, the international community supported a major campaign of divestment and sanctions.