3330 Compensatory elements

(b) Liberalizing food prices and restrictive policies with respect to incomes

Regulations do not impose any limit on the price that can be negotiated indicating only that unrealistic pricing is not permitted.

(a) Non price vertical restraints (selective distribution, exclusive dealing and franchising)

(a) Non price vertical restraints (selective distribution, exclusive dealing and franchising)

Article 10 forbids any economic agent to sell a good at a price lower than its actual cost price when this practice has had, has or may have the result of restricting competition in a given market.

1. no limits on the disposal or use of the goods by the buyer, except restrictions specified by the law and administrative regulations, restrictions on the areas where the goods mentioned could be resold, and restrictions having no material influence on the price of goods

The measures initially adopted can be administrative fixing of prices and voluntary restriction of the minimum price level of exports or investigation of prices to subsequently arrive at one of the following adjustment mechanisms suspension of import licences, application of variable charges, antidumping measures or countervailing duties.

Representatives of two major fixed line telephone service providers met and agreed to limit price competition between them.

Price fixing, boycotts, market allocations and refusals to deal are among the practices that such measures should target.

One of the companies agreed to bring its prices to within 10 per cent of the other's, and the other firm agreed, in return, to cede 6 per cent of the market to its rival over a period of five years.

They can only be used to construct indicators of trade restrictiveness that in turn can be used to estimate quantity and or price effects.

Market access restrictions such as foreign ownership limitations or import restrictions discriminatory operating and planning regulations, including zoning, aimed at limiting the market power of the incumbents and price control practices to protect competitors have often been used to ensure retail competition.

Imposition of an obligation to resell at a minimum price

Governments and agencies should therefore be encouraged to reduce prices on remote sensing data and to reduce copyright restrictions.

Because of internal budgetary restrictions and external price increases in the book trade, the Library s acquisitions programme was severely restrained, book and periodical purchases were curtailed and collections were limited to include only the most essential selections.

It should be noted that the increase in energy prices was not limited to oil.

Chapter 3. Price control measures Measures intended to control the prices of imported articles for the following reasons (i) to sustain domestic prices of certain products when the import price is inferior to the sustained price (ii) to establish the domestic price of certain products because of price fluctuations in the domestic market or price instability in the foreign market and (iii) to counteract the damage caused by the application of unfair practices in foreign trade.

There is also the issue of the so called reserve price (the highest price a buyer is willing to pay for a good or service). The reserve price places a cap on how high commodity prices will go, as it is the price at which demand destruction occurs (consumers are no longer willing or able to purchase the good or service).

4130 Advance payment of customs duties

An investigation of five price fixing cases found that for two of them, the start of investigation led to price reduction of 2 and 5 per cent respectively.

And he said, Well, I won't define the vehicle for you, but I will define the cost for you.

An enterprise shall set up a management system for selling price, define the pricing of its products and services and clarify the power limits, procedures and methods for adjusting selling prices, take corresponding price strategies to prevent selling risks under the prospective earning, capital turnover, market competition, restrictions from laws and norms and other requirements and so on.

Cuba now has fewer possibilities of accessing markets in order to acquire the advanced technologies needed to train Cuban athletes, resulting in significantly higher prices.

Through the restricted availability of CFC which is a consequence of the application of import licensing, price differences between controlled and alternative refrigerants have significantly decreased, mostly through increases in CFC prices.

During the investigation, it was discovered that Panamco Tica had included restrictive clauses in its contracts with retailers, binding them to resell the products at prices specified by Panamco Tica in regularly distributed price lists.

The buffer stock purchases had helped to arrest falls in rubber prices, and sales had contributed to checking steep rises in prices.

The price of ICTs goods and services has fallen because of technological advances, increased competition and loosening trade restrictions.

Regulatory pitfalls may include over regulating private practices contracts, restricting new entries, or regulating tariffs, fees or prices.

Hamper the setting of prices through the free operation of the market by artificially encouraging price rises or falls

The prices of tropical agricultural products had also fallen against those of temperate agricultural products, and the prices of generic manufactures from developing countries had declined against the prices of manufactures associated with strong intellectual property rights, which basically preserved technological monopolies.

The potential changes to the scheme include shifting how the annual inflation based increase in benefits is measured from the retail price index to the lower consumer price index, as well as limiting future increases in pension payments to the minimum required by law.

And we're going to do things like eliminate restrictions.

Critics are coming down hard on tightened economic restrictions.

However, the number of students was strictly planned and limited.

(c) Limiting procurement of local goods that were of a higher price and an inferior quality

Article 25 of the Act prohibits the practice of prescribed prices in the form of action by any person to prescribe a minimum level for the sales price of a product or a good, the price of a service or a mark up, directly or indirectly.

The Commission sanctioned Panamco Tica by imposing a fine of 34,028,360 and compelled it to amend the relevant clauses in the contracts to specify that the price lists are merely recommended, and not compulsory, and that the price to be applied for resale is to be determined by the retailer.

Data relating to the United States show that a bid rigging conspiracy for the sale of frozen seafood which was eventually prosecuted had an average mark up over the competitive price over a one year period of 23 per cent, See Luke M. Froeb et al., What is the effect of bid rigging on prices?, United States Justice Department, EAG Discussion Paper 93 2,

This legislation includes strict rules for genetic engineering.

Typically, ERAs are limited to price only (see above, para.

At the same time, e commerce is acting as a force towards creating genuine international markets by exposing price discrimination and trade limiting regulatory measures and standards.

The house price to income ratio and the land development multiplier are notoriously dependent on restrictions on land and housing markets, taking high values in places where land use is restricted or markets undeveloped.

Japan has a system with similar effects, as tariffs for certain meat products, for example, are defined as the difference between the import price and a certain standard price or a multiple thereof.

(2) The transaction price or the price range