Southern Europe could reconfigure its enterprises to become engines of productivity

Subprogramme 9 Natural resources and infrastructure

1995 4 Science and technology for development (subprogrammes 2, 8 and 12)

1.179 The structure of the Microfinance and Microenterprise Programme is as follows

(d) Survey on unemployment and the restructuring of 500 Bulgarian enterprises

(f) Mechanisms for distributing the sources for wages among various structural units in the enterprise

17.19 Substantive responsibility for the execution of this subprogramme rests with the Natural Resources and Infrastructure Division.

Eurostat organizes special training courses in structural business statistics and business registers when requested by member countries.

In fact, SAPs do not take into consideration problems of enterprises in specific countries and industries.

Linked to the structure of trade is the importance of identifying the types of enterprises operating in terms of their size.

People should have sufficient guarantees of employment in the course of privatization and restructuring of enterprises.

(a) Training agencies, in agreement with a business or with business association

THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENTS, ENTERPRISES AND INSTITUTIONS

The services provided under this module will also focus on strengthening institutional structures for the provision of business information services, such as SME information systems and web based products.

(b) Businesses or business associations working in partnership with an in house or external training agency

These consequences have led to a situation where SMEs have been massively destroyed or are continually losing ground in terms of their competitiveness, giving rise to a missing or declining middle in the enterprise structure in these countries, accompanied by a corresponding expansion of the micro enterprise or survival sectors of the economy.

A trade structure involving many enterprises, particularly SMEs, will require widely available and accessible trade related services and a closer integration of the services of key sectors, whereas a trading structure involving a few large enterprises will tend to have many of the trade related services in the enterprises themselves, with a low level of availability and accessibility to newcomers.

AGREED CONCLUSIONS ON ENTERPRISE ISSUES RELATING TO AN ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY

Furthermore, provisions to promote SMEs should be made under SAPs.

I. Agreed conclusions on enterprise issues relating to an enterprise development strategy

Some Governments have established SME support agencies within government structures what are their main functions?

We need to take measures which will stimulate the development of our market economy which has been emerging over the past seven years by removing the structural barriers that restrict the recovery of the existing enterprises and the creation of new ones from small and medium businesses.

For example, a country that relies mainly on export revenues from one or two commodities will most likely exhibit a trading structure comprised mainly of large enterprises or monopolies (often state owned), whereas a country that has a high level of manufactured exports will most likely exhibit a trading structure involving a greater number of enterprises, particularly small and medium size enterprises.

42. Government funding of SME support agencies can produce contradictory results.

Enterprises with less than 21 workers are to be freed from the obligation to establish joint committees, since micro and small enterprises are unable to function effectively with structures of this kind.

The representative of the Islamic Republic of Iran said that, on the issue of enhancing enterprise competitiveness, SMEs in developing countries did not necessarily benefit from TNC SME linkages, mostly because of structural weaknesses in SMEs.

Most enterprises in LDCs are still in the rudimentary stages of development, and so are their factor and product markets, basically because of their weaker structural features.

These results were for large businesses, since micro and small businesses were mostly unaware of the programme (62 per cent to date).

(iii) SME support mechanisms and agencies

(c) SME support mechanisms and agencies

A. The nature of SME support agencies

The resulting trend is towards oligopolistic competition and growing intra firm and inter firm competition.

What does it mean for individuals, businesses, and governments that structural adjustment is falling further and further behind the global forces that are causing pressure for structural change?

The structure of modern enterprises, advanced technology and, ultimately, the technical processes which stem from the modern information and digital revolution have triggered structural changes in the organization and exercise of power.

However, anti competitive regulations and monopolistic market structures persisted in many countries, as well as structural barriers that hindered enterprises apos free access to markets.

Small and medium sized enterprises dominate the forest industry structure in developing countries and provide fruitful targets for credit programmes.

44. Collective agreements, at both above establishment and establishment level, are concluded for all employees of establishments covered by the agreement (unless the parties decide otherwise).

(c) Trade unions in association with businesses and a training agency

Structural changes are proceeding rapidly, with the privatization of enterprises, opening to international markets, and growth of exports.

5. Structural adjustment and liberalization policies had had mixed results on enterprise development in many countries.

Finally, the theme of equal treatment is used by the consultancy MKB adviseurs' and by the training bureau MKB cursus training'.

This should focus in particular on the provision of credit and other inputs for small businesses and cooperative enterprises, and on structural support for informal markets, so as to allow both income generation and economic empowerment.

Article 22 An enterprise shall determine a reasonable assets structure and conduct a dynamic management on the assets structure according to the principles of equilibrating risks and proceeds and the operational requirements.

The beneficiary ownership structure of an enterprise is of great importance in an investment decision, especially with regard to the equitable treatment of shareholders.

To ensure that ICTs do not destroy more jobs than they create, businesses need to adapt their organizational structures and focus on human resource development.