SMEs in the software industry are disproportionately more internationalized than SMEs in manufacturing activities This reflects the competitiveness of Indian SMEs in software activities.

They include firms in the telecommunication, broadcasting, publishing, computing and software industries.

Table 7. Top ten SMEs and large sized enterprises from Indian manufacturing

OFDI by Argentine SMEs in the autoparts, agricultural machinery and software sector is prominent.

Software SMEs contributed significantly to OFDI stock (47 per cent), whereas manufacturing OFDI by SMEs was small (table 6).

OFDI by software SMEs, similar to manufacturing SMEs, has been prominent since the 1990s, which coincided with the second wave of Indian OFDI (figure 4).

In the software sector, SMEs are relatively younger and have a higher R D intensity but lower technology import intensity, compared with the larger enterprises.

Enhancing enterprise productivity and competitiveness (e.g. supply chain management) and Creating new enterprises (e.g. a start up company in software).

While SMEs in the software sector are less export oriented in their OFDI activities, compared with larger ones, they are relatively more export oriented in the manufacturing sector.

For software SMEs, the developed countries were the most favoured destinations.

They are ACE Laboratories, REPL Engineering, Liberty Shoes, Roto Pumps, Superhouse, Aftek Infosys and CGVAK Software Exports.

Argentine software SMEs such as Idea Factory, Cubika and Sistemas Estratégios S.A. have also invested abroad.

For instance, OFDI approvals by SMEs accounted for 26 per cent cases of manufacturing activities and 41 per cent cases in the software industry.

The fact that the software industry is a skill intensive industry and largely dependent upon foreign markets encouraged Indian SMEs to operate abroad.

Indian OFDI by SMEs has been growing since the 1990s, a trend that is conspicuous in both the manufacturing and software industries.

Software users, for example, play a major role in software development in sectors such as banking and petroleum, and in most manufacturing sectors.

This is particularly true of manufacturing firms, which are the main focus of this document.

In India, for instance, there are examples of the job creation potential of ICTs in the software industry, where more than 350,000 people are employed.

In the approach to a future ERP common to the whole United Nations system, payroll application could be used as the first pilot project of a common application.

(a) Daily maintenance of the distributed medium size ERP application in all locations where available

The project is developing and providing training in the analysis of the manufacturing industry application domain and its software requirements in a normative software architecture for a computing system that not only integrates most of any one manufacturing enterprise s information, computing and intra communications needs, but also integrates across several manufacturing enterprises and between them and service functions such as banks.

The Business of Business is More Than Business

Indian SMEs invest in both developed and developing countries, but the software OFDI is more inclined to favour the developed region.

Most of the acquisitions were in the software industry followed by pharmaceutical and mining activities (table 3).

With respect to the types of enterprises, one may distinguish between informal sector enterprises, essentially microenterprises, and enterprises in the formal sector, which include some microenterprises, SMEs and large firms.

This would give the company an incentive to ensure that new versions are compatible with and significantly better than old versions otherwise the new versions wouldn t sell, or at least not easily. If Microsoft s new software had to compete successfully at least against its old software, we would know the world was improving.

(iii) An Operations Management Support Software (OMSS) project has been launched.

Development of accounting module small medium enterprises

The aim of the counselling allowances is to ensure that entrepreneurs have an opportunity to get entrepreneurial counselling from professional consultants on beneficial terms, to support the growth of enterprises and the creation of new jobs, to provide know how to entrepreneurs and to help entrepreneurs find new markets.

No one wanted a machine unless there was software, and no one would create software unless there were machines. Microsoft convinced both hardware and software companies to bet on future volume by showing how our platform would change the rules.

Mr. Toru Ueno, Principal Administrator, OECD Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs and Local Development (CFE), Small and Medium sized Enterprise (SME) and Entrepreneurship Division, OECD

People have used this software to map everything from roads to rivers, from schools to local businesses, and video stores to the corner store.

(c) Development of an accounting module on medium sized enterprises

Many such firms were family firms, which found it difficult to develop an entrepreneurial outlook.

The beginning of joint ventures abroad by manufacturing SMEs can be traced back to two different time periods depending on the size of firms (medium sized versus small enterprises).

The coming into being of the Vietnam Women Entrepreneurs' Council (VWEC) under the Vietnam Chamber of Commerce and Industry is an important event.

SMEs provide a breeding ground for entrepreneurs.

Moreover, by highlighting that a spyware company, just like any other, is based on a business model, it implied that the best way to attack it may be to target the advertisers who turn a blind eye to where their ads are running. To some extent, that has occurred, though the problem of rogue software and inattentive advertisers persists.

Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems are software packages composed of several modules, such as human resources, sales, finance and production, providing cross organization integration of data through embedded business processes.

Wood and cork

Finally, according to Kumar, the terms of technology transfer by developing country firms are generally more favourable to host countries than those of transfer by industrialized countries' firms.

The exception is high technology SMEs, which more often start investing abroad despite a lack of international experience (UNCTAD 2005c).

The objective of Enterprise Content Management is to provide all United Nations offices and departments with an application to effectively manage the flow of documents and the entire content life cycle.

Enterprise

The Government's entrepreneurship policy document Entrepreneurs in Estonia stresses the need to develop the human capital and the support structure for entrepreneurship, improve financing possibilities, distribute entrepreneurial information and simplify bureaucracy.